weakness and paralysis

Question 1

resistance of muscle to passive stretch (with a

presence to stimulus)

Answer 1

tone

Question 2

▪ increased in muscle tone
▪ Clasp knife phenomenon (Initially, hand is flexed at
the elbow -> introduce a sudden extension force -> hand would have a rebound reflex going back to flexion)

Answer 2

spasticity

Question 3

deceased in muscle tone

Answer 3

flaccidity

Question 4

neurological disorder, inability to perform learned movements on command even though the command is understood

Answer 4

apraxia

damage to cerebrum, fine skills

Question 5

A possible cause for acute manifestation,
especially for anoxia. What would be your
possible cause or anoxia? They present
weakness for all of the extremities so it’s
generalized weakness. So what clinical
condition can you think of? Acute, remember,
emergency room scenario.

Answer 5

massive blood loss, can lead to hypotension, strangulation, CO poisoning

Question 6

involved in subacute/chronic

Answer 6

cerebral hemisphere, brainstem, cervical spinal cord

Question 7

good diagnostic tools for myopathic problems

Answer 7

EMG, nerve conduction studies

Question 8

Mild to moderate form of paralysis

Answer 8

plegia/paresis

Question 9

mild to moderate form of paralysis

Answer 9

plegia/ paresis

Question 10

neurologic (usually
caused by previous infection but it’s not the infection that causes the nerve destruction, it’s the body itself – autoimmune response; self-induced)

Answer 10

Guillain Barre syndrome

Question 11

neurologic (usually
caused by previous infection but it’s not the infection that causes the nerve destruction, it’s the body itself – autoimmune response; self-induced)

Answer 11

Guillaine barre syndrome

Question 12

metabolic (caused by
bacteria that releases toxins once it invades the bloodstream, the toxin causes the paralysis; easily reversible, once you are able to treat it, it just takes a few days to go back to normal)

Answer 12

paralytic shellfish poisoning

Question 13

initially metabolic sequelae, eventually ends up a neurologic problem

Answer 13

polio

Question 14

Weakness resulting from disorder of upper motor
neuron or their axon in cerebral cortex, subcortical
white mater, internal capsule brainstem and spinal
cord

Answer 14

umn lesion

Question 15

umn

Answer 15

corticobulbar tract and corticospinal tract

Question 16

spinothalamic sensory part

Answer 16

contralateral aspect

Question 17

anterior spinal artery

Answer 17

ipsilateral aspect

Question 18

This contralateral cross of this tract usually involves
the lower half of the face only (mouth, lower cheek,
jaw area) because the upper part is not crossing yet
at this point – eyes, forehead, parts of the head/face,
effect is still ipsilateral (black line)

Answer 18

corticobulbar tract

Question 19

tongue deviation ti the left

Answer 19

right cerebral cortex

Question 20

Disorder of cell bodies of the anterior horn cell of the

spinal cord

Answer 20

lower motor neuron lesion

Question 21

Disorder of cell bodies of the anterior horn cell of the

spinal cord

Answer 21

lmn lesion

Question 22

Loss of alpha motor neurons (hence

decrease activation of muscle fibers)

Answer 22

weakness

Question 23

Decreases tension on muscle spindle

decreased muscle tone

Answer 23

loss of gamma motor neurons

Question 24

Absent stretch reflex

Answer 24

loss of spindle fibers

Question 25

▪ Decrease in the contractile force of the muscle fibers
activated within motor units.
▪ Reduced number of muscle fibers.

Answer 25

reduced number of muscle fibers

Question 26

is the neurotransmitter involved in the NMJ.

Answer 26

acetylcholine

Question 27

UMN lesion above the midcervical spinal cord (mostly

above foramen magnum)

Answer 27

hemiparesis

Question 28

hemiparesis

Answer 28

seizures, language do, cognitive abnormalities, apraxia, cortical sensory distirbances

Question 29

acute hemiparesis

Answer 29

vascular
bleeding tumors
trauma

Question 30

subacute (days to weeks)

Answer 30

subdural hematoma
cerebral bacterial abscess
fungal granuloma
meningitis
neoplasm

Question 31

chronic >months

Answer 31

neoplasm
unruptured AV malformation
chronic subdural hematoma
degenerative disease

Question 32

Intraspinal lesion at or below the upper thoracic spinal

cord level

Answer 32

paraparesis

Question 33

Parasagittal intracranial lesions, cauda equina

Answer 33

acute/episodic

Question 34

▪ CNS disorders or motor unit dysfunction
▪ UMN lesion
▪ Associated with changes in consciousness/cognition,
increased muscle tone, stretch reflexes.

Answer 34

quadriparesis

Question 35

C4 and C6

Answer 35

quadriplegia

Question 36

t6

Answer 36

paraplegia

Question 37

L1

Answer 37

paraplegia