Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

medicine > Azotemia > Flashcards

Azotemia Flashcards

1
Q

condition of increased nitrogenous waste

products brought about by a reduction in GFR

A

azotemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
A

creatinine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
A 
size
age
sex
underlying renal disease
concurrent illness
true gfr
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
A

dietary creatine intake
increased creatinine generation (rhabdomyolysis)
Decreased glomerular filtration
reduced tubular secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

drugs causing reduced tubular secretion

A

trimethoprim and cimetidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

False elevation of creatinine

A

Jaffe assay interference

Enzymatic assay interference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

enzymatic assay ibterference

A

high total protein

lidocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

acute fall/ blunted rise in creatinine

A 
reduced creatinine generation (sepsis)
increased VoD (edematous, acute fluid overload)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

chronic elevation of creatinine

A

inc creatinine generation

decreased glomerular filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

increased creatinine generation

A

muscular body habitus

afro-carribean ethnicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

nephrologic syndrome

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

features of azotemia

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

kidney damage with mild loss of kidney function

A

stage 2 ckd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

mild to moderate loss of kidney function

A

stage 3a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

kidney damage with normal kidney function

A

stage 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

moderate to severe loss of kidney function

A

stage 3b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

kidney failure

A

stage 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

severe loss of kidney fxn

A

stage 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

acute renal failure

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

chronic kidney disease

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

assessment of glomerular filtration rate

A

serum creatinine
UCr/Pcr
24 hr creatinine clearance
egfr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

other methods (gfr)

A

inulin clearance
125I-iothalamate
EDTA
Cystatin C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

most useful

relates Na clearance to creatinine clearance

A

FENa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

FENa is high in ____

A

ischemic ATN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

FENa is low in

A

sepsis, pigment and some form of nephrotoxic ATN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

In prerenal ARF, FENa may be

A

> 1% among those on diuretics, CKD, salt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Less sensitive index for distinguishing
prerenal ARF from ischemic and nephrotoxic
ARF

A

UNa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

is a measure of the extraction of

sodium and water from the glomerular filtrate.

A

Fractional Excretion of Sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

It can be calculated as the ratio of plasma

creatinine to urine creatinine divided by the ratio of plasma sodium to urine sodium:

A

FENa

30
Q

Less sensitive index for distinguishing prerenal ARF from ischemic and nephrotoxic ARF

A

Urine Sodium

31
Q

40-80% reversible

A

Prerenal azotemia

32
Q

<5%

A

Postrenal azotemia

33
Q

90%

A

Acute tubular necrosis

34
Q

stage 1 gfr

A

> 90

35
Q

stage 2 gfr

A

89-60

36
Q

stage 3a gfr

A

59-45

37
Q

stage 3b

A

44-30

38
Q

stage 4

A

29-25

39
Q

stage 5 gfr

A

<15

40
Q

CAUSES OF PRE-RENAL AZOTEMIA

A 
dec circulating blood volume
Sequestration
Dec effective arterial volume
Reduction in CO from peripheral vasodilation
Profound renal vasoconstriction
41
Q

Reduction in cardiac output from peripheral

vasodilation

A

sepsis, drugs

42
Q

causes of profound renal vasoconstriction

A

hepatorenal syndrome, NSAIDS, severe HF

43
Q

prerenal

A

Intrarenal vasoconstriction
Systemic vasodilation
Volume depletion

44
Q

Postrenal

A

Extrarenal obstruction

Intrarenal obstruction

45
Q

Intrarenal vasoconstriction

A
46
Q

External obstruction

A
47
Q

intrarenal obstruction

A
48
Q

Exogenous toxins

A
49
Q

Endogenous toxins

A
50
Q

ischemic ATN

A

Major surgery, trauma, severe

hypovolemia, sepsis and burns

51
Q

Nephrotoxic ATN causes

A

o Medications
o Intrarenal vasoconstriction, tubule toxicity
or obstruction

52
Q

Processes involving tubules and interstitium

A

Drug-induced interstitial nephritis, severe
infections, systemic diseases, infiltrative
diseases

53
Q

Occlusion of renal vessels

A

o Atheroembolic renal failure
o Renal Artery thrombosis (mild proteinuria,
hematuria)
wo Renal Vein thrombosis (heavy proteinuria
and hematuria)

54
Q

glomerular diseases

A

glomerulonephritisor vasculitis

55
Q

Renal microvasculature

A

o Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) o Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
(TTP) o Malignant hypertension

56
Q

o 24h urine output of <500ml o Can accompany any cause of acute renal
failure

A

oliguria

57
Q 
o  Complete absence of urine formation 
o  <50 ml/day 
o  Total urinary tract obstruction 
o  Total vessel occlusion 
o  Shock 
o  RPGN, ATN, cortical necrosis
A

Anuria

58
Q

o Urine volume of >3L/day

A

Polyuria

59
Q

Detects mostly albumin

false positives , ph >7 conc urine or contaminated w blood

A
60
Q

Glomerular disruption

A
61
Q
A

glomerulonephritis

62
Q

2-5 rbcs/ hpf

A

Hematuria

63
Q

o Formed in concentrated urine from normal
constituents of urine
o Tamm-Horsfall protein (secreted by epith.
cells from the Loop of Henle)
o May be seen in any type of renal disease

A

hyaline casts

64
Q

o May suggest an ischemic or nephrotoxic
etiology
o May be associated with mild tubular
proteinuria ( <1d/d)

A

fine granular casts

65
Q

o Reflect chronic kidney disease

o Interstitial fibrosis and dilatation of tubules

A

granular casts

66
Q

o Glomerular injury

o Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis

A

red blood cell casts

67
Q

o interstitial nephritis
o SLE
o transplant rejection
o Renal infection

A

white blood cell casts

68
Q

o Seen in concentrated urine of prerenal ARF

o May suggest urate nephropathy

A

uric acid crystal

69
Q

o Antibiotic induces allergic nephritis

Hansels stain

A

eosinophiluria

70
Q

o Hippurate crystals (needle shaped)

o Ethylene glycol ingestion and toxicity

A

oxate crystal

71
Q

a

A

medicine (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions