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Finals question bank > wc 30/12 > Flashcards

wc 30/12 Flashcards

1
Q

how do calcium levels differ in acute vs chronic CKD

A

if chronic they are low (due to low vit D)

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2
Q

how is diabetic nephropathy screened for annual

A

morning urine albumin: creatinine

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3
Q

causes of normal anion gap metab acidosis

A

ABCD

addisons
bicarb loss (diarrhoea)
chloride
drugs

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4
Q

what cause of nephrotic syndrome is associated with malignancy

A

membranous nephropathy

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5
Q

normal anion gap

A

10-18

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6
Q

what degree of stenosis is carotid endarterectomy considered

A

> 50%

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7
Q

within what timeframe of stroke onset can fibrinolysis be given

A

4.5 hrs

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8
Q

within what timeframe of stroke can thrombectomy be done

A

6 hrs

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9
Q

how does ulnar nerve lesion affect hand movements and muscles

A

weakness of finger abduction
weakness of finger adduction
wasting of thenar eminence

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10
Q

how does median nerve lesion affect hand movements and muscles

A

weakness of wrist flexion
inability to pronate arm and wrist
loss of sensation of lateral 3.5 digits

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11
Q

how does radial nerve lesion affect hand movements and muscles

A

wrist drop (inability to extend wrist)

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12
Q

to diagnose rhabdomyolysis how much should CK be raised

A

5x normal

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13
Q

increase in creatinine for AKI

A

50% in past 7 days
>26 in past 48 hrs

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14
Q

how long does it take an AV fistula to develop

A

6-8 weeks

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15
Q

how to differentiate brain abscess from meningitis

A

neurology is likely to be focal in abscess

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16
Q

cushings triad

A

bradycardia
irregular breathing
wide pulse pressure

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17
Q

common peroneal nerve injury causes

A

foot drop
weakness of foot dorsiflexion
weakness of foot eversion

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18
Q

colles fracture causes injury to what nerve

A

median

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19
Q

what artery is affected by atherosclerosis causing amaurosis fugax

A

internal carotid

it will be ipsilateral to the visual loss

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20
Q

where is the lesion in a homonymous hemianopia

A

the contrateral optic radiation or occipital cortex

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21
Q

where is the lesion in an isolated hemianopia

A

the contralateral optic tract

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22
Q

adult asthma guidelines

A
  1. start low dose ICS and SABA
    if v symptomatic start with MART
  2. add low dose MART
  3. moderate dose MART
  4. measure FeNO and eosinophils
    if high refer to specialist
    if normal start LAMA or LTRA in addition to mod dose MART
    if not controlled try the other one out of LAMA or LTRA
  5. refer to specialist
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23
Q

first line diagnostic tests for asthma

A

FeNO or eosinophils

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24
Q

allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis mx

A

oral prednisolone

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25
Q

FVC in pulmonary fibrosis

A

decreased

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26
Q

infective exacerbation of COPD abx

A

amox or doxy or clarith

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27
Q

when is PPI given in GI bleed

A

after endoscopy

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28
Q

whats given before procedure in a variceal bleed

A

terlipressin and abx

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29
Q

what blood test determines severity of c diff

A

WCC

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30
Q

what is pulses paradoxus and what cause it

A

drop in bp by 10mmhg on inspirationw

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31
Q

what is seen on barium enema in UC

A

leadpipe colon= loss of haustra

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32
Q

what is leadpipe colon

A

loss of haustra

33
Q

plummer vinson syndrome triad

A

IDA
dysphagia
atrophic glossitis

34
Q

diagnostic ix for pancreatic cancer

A

high resolution CT

35
Q

sx acute mesenteric ischaemia

A

sudden onset abdo pain
blood in stools
rf increasing clotting

36
Q

first line ix for acute mesenteric ischaemia

A

lactate- will be raised

37
Q

what is nissen fundoplication and whats it done for

A

chronic GORD- involves tightening of the lower oesophageal sphincter

38
Q

what antiemetic is avoided in bowel obstruction

A

metaclopramide

39
Q

loperamide moa

A

acts on opiod receptors to slow gut movements

40
Q

what is intestinal angina

A

chronic mesenteric ischaemia
sx include pain after eating, weight loss and an abdominla bruit

41
Q

what does TIPs procedure connect

A

hepatic vein to portal vein

42
Q

metaclopramide acts on what receptors

A

dopamine D2

43
Q

statin primary and secondary prevention dose

A

primary= 20mg
secondary= 80mg

44
Q

mx if someone has a massive PE and hypotension

A

thrombolyse

45
Q

r waves in what leads in inferior MI

A

V1-V2

46
Q

fondaparinux moa

A

activates antithrombin III

47
Q

most common organism causing infective endocarditis after valve replacement

A

staph epidermis

48
Q

how is carotid artery stenosis diagnosed

A

duplex ultrasound

49
Q

what oxygen therapy is used for OSA

A

biPAP

50
Q

how is insulin given to newly diagnosed T1DM

A

twice daily basal insulin
bolus insulin with meals

51
Q

how to differentiate BPH and prostate cancer on examination

A

cancer= irregular prostate and blood in urine

BPH= even enlargement

52
Q

is CT KUB usually done with or without contrast

A

with

53
Q

what should be checked for all men with erectile dysfunction

A

testosterone

54
Q

BPH first line medication and moa

A

tamsulosin
alpha 1 antagonist

55
Q

what type of cancer is prostate cancer most commonly

A

adenocarcinoma

56
Q

in staghorn calculus UTI what is the common causative organism

A

proteus mirabilis

57
Q

after ultrasound what imaging is used to confirm a kidney stone

A

non contrats CT

58
Q

what size stone is percutaneous nephrolithotomy indicated

A

> 20mm

59
Q

what size stone is shock wave lithotripsy done

A

> 5mm
<20 mm

60
Q

what kidney stones are radio lucent

A

xanthine
urate

61
Q

what kidney stones are semi opaque

A

cystine

62
Q

most common organic cause of erectile dysfunction

A

vascular

63
Q

what class of drugs are used for overactive bladder, given an example

A

antimuscarinic
oxybutynin

64
Q

first line ix for suspected prostate cancer

A

multiparametric MRI

65
Q

what ix is gold standard for suspected bladder cancer

A

cystoscopy

66
Q

reed stenberg cells

A

hodgkins lymphoma

67
Q

in what differential for AKI and haemoptysis do you get sinusitis

A

granulomatosis with polyangitis

68
Q

VT drug therapy

A

amiodarone
lidocaine- not in LV impairment

69
Q

what suggests cholangiocarcinoma

A

painless jaundice and a palpable gallbladder

70
Q

what nerve is at risk in neck of humerus fracture

A

axillary

71
Q

what drug is given for symptoms of gastric paresis in T1DM

A

metaclopramide

72
Q

what type of renal cancer is most common

A

renal cell carcinoma

73
Q

what nerve is responsible for the cremasteric reflex

A

genitofemoral

74
Q

how are stones that are >5mm and <20mm removed in pregnant women

A

ureteroscopy

75
Q

if diclofenac cant be given in renal stones what should be given instead

A

IV paracetamol

76
Q

normal post void residual volume <65 and >65

A

<65= 50ml
>65= 100ml

77
Q

what is seen on ECG in cardiac tamponade

A

electrical alternans- the QRS complexes alternate in height as the heart swings in a fluid filled sac

78
Q

in infective endocarditis do you prioritise giving abx or blood cultures

A

blood cultures if the patient is haemodynamically stable- complete taking them then start abx

79
Q
A

Finals question bank (6 decks)

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