pass med mocks Flashcards
how to differentiate causes of whiteout on CXR
look at trachea
if pulled towards white out= lung collapse
if pushed away from white out= pleural effusion
moa donepezil
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
moa memantine
NMDA antagonist
moa rivastigmine
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
anterior uveitis sx
acute painful red eye
miosis
irregular pupil
photophobia
anterior uveitis mx
steroids
cytoplegic eye drops
what do cytoplegic eye drops do
dilate the pupil
what is an example of cytoplegic eye drop
atropine
cyclopentolate
pleural fluid protein in exudate vs transudate
exudate >30
transudate <30
how to differentiate haemorrhoids from anal fissure
haemorrhoids are painless
anal fissure mx
laxatives, lubricants, topical GTN
if this doesn’t work then sphincterectomy
glandular fever sx
sore throat
fever
malaise
cervical lymphadenopathy
then when amoxicillin is given, a macropapular rash appears
glandular fever test
monospot
what does a monospot look for
heterophil antibodies produced by EBV
what medication is used to prevent vasospasm in SAH
nimodipine
if IV lorazepam if given once in status in hospital what is the second step
one more dose of IV lorazepam
how to remember where wernickes and brocas areas are
sound is heard
travels to wernickes area in temporal lobe (near ear) where speech is comprehended
signal travels via arcuate fasisculus to the frontal lobe where brocas area is
this signal travels to the mouth (near frontal lobe) where a response is executed
acute angle closure glaucoma management
parasympathetic eye drops (pilocarpine) to constrict the pupil and allow better drainage
beta blocker eye drops reduce aqueous humour production
in what are crypt abscesses seen
ulcerative colitis
in what are increased goblet cells seen from biopsy
crohns
what is seen on biopsy in coeliacs disease
villous atrophy
crypt hyperplasia
what happens to chloride levels after fluid resus
they increase
SIADH mx
slow correction of sodium to avoid central pontine myelinolysis
fluid restriction
domeocycline
how to decide when to use cpap vs bipap and how to remember
cpap= type 1 resp failure
bipap= type 2 resp failure
bi= 2 things (low o2 and high co2)
urge incontinence mx
bladder retraining 6 weeks
oxybutynin
miragbegron
when is mirabegron used over oxybutynin
in older women who are frail and to reduce risk of anticholinergic side effects
how is adrenaline delivered in ALS
intravenously
how is hydronephrosis identified on CT
dilation of the renal pelvis
how long does it take for finasteride to take effect
6 months
