quesmed paeds Flashcards
when is desmopressin used in the mx of nocturnal enuresis
over the age of 7
otherwise its 3rd line after lifestyle measures and enuresis alarm
when do hydroceles present at birth require surgical correction
1-2 years
why do non resolving hydroceles require surgical correction
increased risk of indirect inguinal hernia
most common cause of rectal bleeding in a child
meckels diverticulum
child with UTI what scans are done
ultrasound 4-6 weeks later
DMSA 4-6 months later to look for vesicoureteric reflux
MCUG not needed if over 6 months as reflux nephropathy usually presents before then
what condition does MCUG look for
reflux nephropathy
what condition does DMSA look for
vesicoureteric reflux
cradle cap rash mx
apply baby oil and brush hair then wash the oil off
bronchiolitis mx
supportive
bronchiolitis sx
recent coryzal illness
respiratory distress
what resp rate is high
> 60
intussusception first ix
ultrasound
DMD inheritance pattern
x linked recessive
biliary atresia sx
jaundice
pale stools dark urine
raised LFTs (bilirubin is conjugated)
biliary atresia first line ix
cholangiography
what organism causes croup
parainfluenza
what organism causes bronchiolitis
RSV
what do these organisms cause
RSV
parainfluenza
bortadella pertussis
heamophilus influenza b
cocksackie A
group A strep
parvovirus
RSV- bronchiolitis
parainfluenza- croup
bortadella pertussis- whooping cough
heamophilus influenza b- acute epiglottitis
cocksackie A- hand foot mouth
group A strep- scarlet fever
parvovirus- slapped check
causes of conjugated high bilirubin
biliary atresia
cystic fibrosis
what is waterhouse friedrichson syndrome
when meningitis results in massive adrenal haemorrhage and septic shock
in strabismus which eye is covered up
the dominant one
the one with the squint is left so it can learn to fix correctly
what is reyes syndrome
hepatic encephalopathy and liver failure after giving children aspirin
cyanosis in TOF vs TGA
TGA= continuous
TOF= spells
what valve abnormality is seen in tuners syndrome
bicuspid aortic valve
fragile x syndrome sx
intellectual disability
social anxiety
features of ASD
long face
large ears
large testes
what ix is done for whooping cough
PCR
fragile X syndrome gene
FMR1
for children what is the first step in bls
5 rescue breaths
what age UTI must be admitted to hospital
<3 months
what is red flag for fever in a baby
> 38 degrees
<3 months
edwards syndrome is trisomy
18
features of edwards syndrome
low set ears
omphalocele
microcephaly
overlapping digits
mx pre septal cellulitis
oral abx
does need IV or hospital stay
other name for slapped cheek syndrome
fifth disease
erythema infectiosum
what translocation is seen in ALL
t 12:21
most common complication of measles
acute otitis media
scarlet fever mx
abx
phenoxymethylpenicillin usually
what is the first step when a baby who has just been delivered needs resus
clamping the cord
what antibody is measured if someone has IgA deficiency and you suspect coealiacs
anti endomysial
mx biliary atresia
kasai procedure
bile ducts are removed and replaced with small bowel to allow bile drainage
what complication occurs if SUFE is not treated
avascular necrosis of the femoral head
double bubble sign
duodenal atresia
what murmur does a VSD cause
pan systolic
jaundice during what time period is always pathological
first 24hrs of life
VSD murmur
pan systolic
what type of bilirubin is raised in physiological jaundice
unconjugated
school exclusion for measles
4 days after onset of rash
pataus syndrome sx
microcephaly
celft lip/palate
polydactyly
cardiac defects
what is trisomy
13
18
21
13= pataus
18= edwards
21= downs
what pulse should you feel for in a child <1 before starting CPR
brachial
how is cows milk protein allergy treated
use hydrolysed formula
is a baby is allergic to formula what do they have
cows milk protein allergy
most likely cause of non palpable testes at birth
physiological delay
what is seen in CXR in TTN
hyperinflated lungs and an air fluid level
what happens to cholesterol levels in anorexia nervosa
they rise
causative organism for rosela infantum
HHV 8
how to manage a child who is unconscious and choking
5 rescue breaths
how is perthes disease managed
conservatively
bed rest
analgesia
mx of congenital inguinal hernia
refer for repair immediately
what imaging is best to confirm pyloric stenosis
abdo ultrasound
what imaging is best to confirm DDH
hip ultrasound
what murmur do you get in ASD
pulmonary stenosis
ejection systolic auscultated best at right upper sternal edge
neonatal chest compression ratio
3:1
scarlet fever mx
phenoxymethylpenicillin
how are newborns with low APGAR scores ventilated
positive pressure first
then intubated
whats seen on x ray in rickets
wide epiphyseal plates
how is whooping cough managed
macrolide if they present in the first 21 days
how are infants with transient hypoglycaemia managed
IV dextrose
