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WBC Disorders > WBC Part 6 > Flashcards

WBC Part 6 Flashcards

1
Q

in lymphocytosis what would one expect CBC and smear to show

A

increased lymphocytes

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2
Q

Lymphocytosis can be due to what two morphologies

A

reactive and non-reactive

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3
Q

reactive lymphocytosis occurs in what conditions

A

acute viral illness (EBV, CMV)

drug reactions

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4
Q

non-reactive lymphocytosis occurs in what conditions

A

transient stress (MI, seizure, trauma)
whooping cough (Bordetella pertussis)
persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (female smokers)
neoplastic (ALL, CLL)

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5
Q

infectious mononucleosis infects where

A

oropharynx (pharyngitis), tonsils, and adenoids
liver
B cells

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6
Q

what kind of lymphocytes are seen in the blood in response to infectious mononucleosis

A

virus specific CD8+ T cells (Atypical lymphocytes)

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7
Q

the mono spot test detects what

A

IgM antibodies that cross react with sheep or horse red blood cells (heterophile antibodies)

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8
Q

what are the normal pools of neutrophils

A 
marrow pool (BM)-75%
marginating pool (blood vessels)- cells adherent to blood vessel walls
circulating pool (blood)- same size as marginating pool
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9
Q

demargination of neutrophils occurs after how long and due to what

A

minutes

due to epinephrine, acute stress, exercise

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10
Q

release of neutrophils from marrow pool occurs after how long and due to what

A

hours

due to steroids, infection/inflammation

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11
Q

increased bone marrow production of neutrophils occurs after how long and due to what

A

days

due to sustained inflammation, G-CSF (secreting tumors or therapy), lithium

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12
Q

splenomegaly occurs in mono why?

A

T-cell hyperplasia in periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS)

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13
Q

what are some toxic changes that occur in neutrophils

A 
toxic granulation
Dohle bodies (endoplasmic reticulum)
Vacuolization of the cytoplasm
Left Shift
LAP Test
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14
Q

what is a left shift seen in neutrophils

A

presence of granulocytic precursors in the blood

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15
Q

eosinophilia due to reactive processes occurs in what conditions

A

allergic response
medication/drug hypersensitivity
connective tissue disease
parasitic infection

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16
Q

eosinophilia due to neoplastic processes occurs in what conditions

A

T-Cell LPD
Hodgkin lymphoma
Hypereosinophilic syndrome
chronic eosinophilic leukemia

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17
Q

monocytosis occurs due to what

A

chronic infection or inflammatory disorders

neoplasms

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18
Q

when one notices lymphocytosis in a patient what should one suspect

A

acute viral states

neoplastic (ALL, CLL)

19
Q

when one notices neutrophilia with left shift what should be suspected

A 
leukemoid reaction (acute bacterial infections)
neoplastic process (CML or other myeloproliferative neoplasm)
20
Q

the characteristics of the neoplasm of abnormal hematopoiesis depend on

A

the stage at which the cell is when it escaped from normal control
the effect this stage has on differentiation
divisions between entities can sometimes be blurred

21
Q

common myeloid stem cell and common lymphoid stem cells are examples of what kind of stem cells

A

multipotent stem cells

22
Q

what cells cannot self-renew, but actively differentiate

A

morphologically recognizable precursors (blasts)

23
Q

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) can be due to what

A

acquired genetic alteration causing impaired maturation of leukemic cells
mutations of genes involved in signal transaction allow for survival and proliferation of neoplastic clone

24
Q

what acquired genetic alteration causing impaired maturation of leukemic cells are seen in AML

A

RUNX1, RARA, NPM1

25
Q

what mutations of genes involved in signal transaction allow for survival and proliferation of neoplastic clone in AML

A

FLT3, JAK2, KIT

26
Q

over 20% blasts in peripheral blood or bone marrow is seen in what

A

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

27
Q

myeloblasts are usually characterized by positive cytoplasmic staining for what

A

myeloperoxidase (MPO)

28
Q

what are Auer Rods

A

crystal aggregates of MPO (azurophilic granules)

29
Q

Acute Monocytic Leukemia is due to proliferation of what and lacks what

A

proliferation of monoblasts

usually lack MPO

30
Q

Acute Myeloid Leukemia due to myeloblast proliferation has what morphology

A 
Auer rods
MPO +
CD34+
CD13+
CD33+
NSE-
31
Q

Acute Myeloid Leukemia due to monoblast proliferation has what morphology

A 
CD11b+
CD14+
HLADR+
NSE +
MPO -
32
Q

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) is characterized by what

A

t(15;17) which involved retinoid acid receptor (RAR)

33
Q 
Auer rods
MPO +
CD34+
CD13+
CD33+
NSE-
A

Acute Myeloid Leukemia due to myeloblast proliferation

34
Q 
CD11b+
CD14+
HLADR+
NSE +
MPO -
A

Acute Monocytic Leukemia

Acute Myeloid Leukemia due to monoblast proliferation

35
Q

Acute Monocytic leukemia tends to infiltrate what part of the body

A

gums

36
Q

In Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) what is the chimeric protein and what does it block

A

PML/RARA

blocks maturation and promyelocytes (blasts) build up

37
Q

how is Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) treated

A

all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) which is a vitamin A analog

38
Q

the FAB (French American British) classification of Acute Myeloid Leukemias is based on what

A

morphology, differentiation, phenotype
M0-M7
M3 is Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL)

39
Q

Auer rods are diagnostic for what

A

Acute Myeloid Leukemia

40
Q

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) is associated with what

A

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) due to release of procoagulants and fibrinolytic by the neoplastic cells

41
Q

t(15;17) is what and associated with what

A

PML/RARA fusion protein

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL)

42
Q

AML with myelodysplasia related changes has what kind of prognosis

A

poor

43
Q

a tissue mass of blasts is known as what

A

Granulocytic sarcoma

WBC Disorders (8 decks)

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