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WBC Disorders > WBC Part 2 > Flashcards

WBC Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common cancer of children (accounting for 80% of childhood leukemias)

A

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma (ALL)

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2
Q

ALL is a neoplastic population of what

A

immature lymphocytes aka lymphoblasts

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3
Q

incidence of Pre-B ALL is highest when

A

age of 4 (peak population of immature lymphoblasts in BM at this time)

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4
Q

incidence of Pre-T ALL is highest when

A

adolescence (when thymus reaches is maximal size)

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5
Q

ALL shows with what clinical features (in general)

A

abrupt “stormy” onset
Bone Pain
generalized adenopathy
hepatosplenomegaly

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6
Q

what flow cytometry results are expected in Pre-B ALL

A

CD10, CD19, CD79a
surface light chain negative
TdT

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7
Q

which ALL (T or B) is usually leukemic

A

B-ALL

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8
Q

which ALL (T or B) is usually lymphomic

A

T-ALL

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9
Q

CD10, CD19, CD79a
surface light chain negative
TdT

A

Pre-B ALL

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10
Q

what flow cytometry results are expected in Pre-T ALL

A

cCD3, CD4, CD8
CD1a, CD2, CD5, CD7
TdT

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11
Q

Pre-B ALL is due to what (both good and poor prognosis)

A

Good prognosis: hyperdiploidy, t(12;21)

Poor prognosis: t(9;22)

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12
Q

Pre-T ALL is due to what translation

A

TCR loci on chromosomes 7 and 14

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13
Q

what is the most common leukemia of adults in the western world

A

chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

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14
Q

CLL presents how

A

a leukemic process (leukocytosis) with absolute lymphocytosis, often times includes the marrow

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15
Q

smudge cells and lymphocyte that looks like a soccer ball (small mature lymphs with hyper clumped nuclear chromatin) are classically seen in what cancer?

A

chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/ small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL)

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16
Q

what are the clinical feature of Chronic Lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL)

A

over 50 years old
most patients are asymptomatic
immune disruption- autoimmune hemolytic anemia

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17
Q

cCD3, CD4, CD8
CD1a, CD2, CD5, CD7
TdT

A

Pre-T ALL

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18
Q

SLL and CLL are the same except

A

CLL has increased peripheral blood lymphocytosis or bone marrow involvement

19
Q

All T-Cell ALL can present with what clinical findings

A 
mediastinal mass (airway compression)
testicular involvement
20
Q

under what conditions would one see nucleated RBCs

A

marrow stress
extramedullary hematopoiesis
something is in the bone marrow taking up space kicking out immature cells

21
Q

what spleen and liver changes are seen in SLL/CLL

A

white pulp expansion and portal tract expansion

22
Q

what is Richter syndrome (aka Richter transformation)

A

transformation from CLL to diffuse large B cell lymphoma

23
Q

what flow cytometry results would one expect from CLL/SLL

A

CD5, CD19, CD23
CD20 (dim)
surface light chain (dim)

24
Q

bcl-2 translocation are often associated with what cancer(s)

A

follicular lymphoma: t(14;18)

synovial sarcoma: t(X;18)

25
Q

CD5, CD19, CD23
CD20 (dim)
surface light chain (dim)

A

CLL/SLL

26
Q

follicular lymphoma presents with what

A

painless “waxing and waning” lymphadenopathy

BM almost always involved and peripheral blood rarely involved

27
Q

germinal center B cells that mimic the normal lymphoid follicles are seen in what

A

follicular lymphoma

28
Q

in follicular lymphoma the number of centroblasts correlates with what

A

grade (the more centroblasts the higher the grade)

29
Q

what is the morphology seen in follicular lymphoma

A

nodular, small cells
cleaved (folded) nucleus centrocytes
centroblasts (for grading)

30
Q

what flow cytometry results would one expect in follicular lymphoma

A

CD10, CD19, CD20
surface light chain (bright)
bcl-2
bcl-6

31
Q

in what two cancers would one see CD10 in flow cytometry and how can one tell the difference

A

Follicular Lymphoma
Pre-B ALL
(Pre-B ALL doesn’t have a surface light chain present since its an immature B cell, also bcl-2 is present in follicular lymphoma)

32
Q

what does bcl-6+ mean

A

it indicates that the cells have passed through germinal center stage of mutation

33
Q

mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is associated with what translocation

A

t(11;14)- Cyclin D1

34
Q

what cancer has tumor cells that closely resemble the normal mantle zone cells that surround the germinal centers of secondary follicles

A

mantle cell lymphoma (MCL)

35
Q

lymphomatoid polyposis is what and is associated with what cancer

A

GI involvement- multifocal mucosal involvement of small and large bowel
associated with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL)

36
Q

tumor cell that overly expresses cyclin D1 and is CD5+ is most likely what

A

mantle cell lymphoma (MCL)

37
Q

how is increased cyclin D1 detected

A

FISH, PCR, immunohistochemistry

38
Q

what flow cytometry results would one see in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL)

A

CD5, CD19
CD20 (bright)
surface light chain (bright)

39
Q

CD5+ and bright CD20 and surface light chain is most likely what cancer

A

mantle cell lymphoma (MCL)

40
Q

CD5+ and dim CD20 and surface light chain is most likely what cancer

A

CLL/SLL

41
Q

CD10+ and surface light chain negative is most likely what cancer

A

Pre-B ALL

42
Q

CD10+ and surface light chain positive is most likely what cancer

A

Follicular Lymphoma (also should see bcl-2)

43
Q

name one drug (monoclonal antibody we have learned) that can be used to treat mantle cell lymphoma

A

rituximab (anti-CD20)

WBC Disorders (8 decks)

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