WBC Part 4 Flashcards
what is the most common non-hodgkin lymphoma
diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)
diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is what kind of lymphoma (high or low grade)
high grade
aggressive if not treated
what clinical features can one see with diffuse B-Cell lymphoma
rapidly enlarging, symtmoatic mass at nodal or extra nodal sites
B-symptoms
late adulthood
what would one expect to see on a blood smear of a patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
convoluted nuclear contours, 1-3 nucleoli, mitotically active
how does diffuse b cell lymphoma arise
sporadically or from transformation of a low-grade lymphoma (like follicular lymphoma)
what is the grade of burkitts lymphoma
high grade (the highest non-hodgkin lymphoma)
what are the subtypes of Burkitt’s lymphoma
Endemic EBV associated (malaria belt of Africa)
Sporadic (mainly children in US)
immunodeficiency associated
what is the main way children in the US get Burkitt’s lymphoma
sporadic
Burkitt’s Lymphoma is associated with what translocation and oncogene
t(8;14) - cMYC also t(2;8) or t(8;22)
the sporadic form of Burkitt’s lymphoma is associated with what clinically
abdominal mass in ileocecum or pelvis
the endemic (African) form of Burkitt’s lymphoma is associated with what clinically
mass on the jaw (mandible) or orbit
a “starry sky” on a blood smear is significant in what cancer and what is actually being shown
Burkitts lymphoma
it is tingible macrophages eating dead cells interspersed b/w sheets of lymphocytes
what is tumor lysis syndrome
rapid cellular proliferation and turnover
tumor cell death releases calcium, uric acid, and potassiums
medical emergency
what morphologic things would one see in Burkitt’s lymphoma
diffuse infiltrate of medium sized cells with round nuclear contours
basophilic cytoplasm with cytoplasmic vacuoles
high mitotic activity
“starry sky”
what flow cytometry results would one expect in Burkitt’s lymphoma
CD19, CD20, CD10
BCL6
how does one determine monoclonality of a mature T-cell neoplasm
aberrant T cell immunophenotype (flow cytometry)
PCR to identify monoclonal rearrangements of TCR locus
define Peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL NOS)
heterogeneous group of T cell lymphomas that do not meet criteria for a different entity
the T cell counterpart of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL NOS)
what are the clinical features of Peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL NOS)
generalized lymphadenopathy
eosinophilia
pruritits, fever, weight loss
what is a double hit lymphoma
diffuse large b cell lymphoma with both transactions bcl-2/igH and myc/IgH
tumor lysis syndrom is seen in what cancer
burkitt’s lymphoma
a proliferation index of nearly 100% is indicative of what
Burkitt’s lymphoma
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is defined by what
ALK gene mutation
ALK fusion proteins behave as what
tyrosine kinases
what are the hallmark cells seen in a blood smear of anapestic large cell lymphoma (ALCL)
large anaplastic appearing cells with horseshoe or wreath shaped nuclei
often sinusoidal pattern
what flow cytometry results would one expect in anapestic large cell lymphoma (ALCL)
CD30+
EMA+
ALK+
Adult T cell leukemia/ lymphoma (ATCL) is defined by what
CD4+ T cells infected with retrovirus HTLV 1 (human T-cell leukemia virus)
what places would one be more likely to find Adult T cell leukemia/ lymphoma (ATCL)
HTLV-1 is endemic in Caribbean basin, Japan, W. Africa
what flow cytometry results would one expect in Adult T cell leukemia/ lymphoma (ATCL)
CD4+
HTLV-1 +
what morphological features are associated with Adult T cell leukemia/ lymphoma (ATCL)
flower/cloverleaf cells
what do patients with Adult T cell leukemia/ lymphoma (ATCL) present with
generalized adenopathy skin lesions HSM peripheral blood lymphocytosis hypercalcemia
Mycosis Fungoides/Sezary syndrome are defined by what
CD4+ t cells usually
MF: skin issues
SS: leukemic
Mycosis fungoides presents clinically with what
3 stages: patch, plaque, tumor
Sezary Syndrome presents clinically with what
generalized exfoliative erythroderma plus leukemia
disease spread to involve nodes and BM
Mycosis Fungoides/Sezary syndrome have what neoplastic cell features
cerebriform nuclear contours
what is a sezary cell
Mycosis Fungoides/Sezary syndrome neoplastic cell in blood
Large granular lymphocytic leukemia (LGLL) has what two different types
T-cell type = indolent
NK cell type = aggressive
Fetty syndrome (Rh arthritis, splenomegaly, and neutropenia) may have what as the underlying cause
Large granular lymphocytic leukemia (LGLL)
Extranodal NK/T-cell Lymphoma is defined by what clinically
“lethal midline granuloma”
most commonly presents as a destructive midline mass
What occurs in Extranodal NK/T-cell Lymphoma
small and large or predominately large neoplastic cells invade vessels leading to expensive necrosis
