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Physics > Waves (paper1) > Flashcards

Waves (paper1) Flashcards

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1
Q

What does transmitted mean?

A

When a wave passes throughout medium without being reflected or absorbed

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2
Q

What does absorbed mean?

A

When the wave disappears as the energy it carried was transferred into the material

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3
Q

What can happen to a wave when it hits a boundary?

A

Reflected, refracted, transmitted or absorbed

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4
Q

Which way does the light bend when slowing down?

A

Bends toward the normal

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5
Q

Do lighter colours absorb more or less light?

A

Less

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6
Q

What is white light?

A

A mixture of different frequencies(colours) of light

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7
Q

Do electromagnets need a medium to travel through?

A

No

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8
Q

Do darker colours absorb more or less light?

A

More

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9
Q

What type of waves are the ones on top of waves?

A

Transverse waves

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10
Q

Which way to the particles in water move as a wave passes?

A

Up and down, they don’t get carried

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11
Q

When can refraction also happen?

A

When the properties of a material changes gradually.

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12
Q

Do sound waves transfer energy?

A

Yes

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14
Q

What type of waves are sound waves?

A

Longitudinal Waves

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14
Q

What are types of electromagnet waves?

A

Microwaves, radio and light waves.

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16
Q

Light from light bulbs or the sun is called what?

A

White light

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17
Q

Which way do particles in the material of sound waves move?

A

Back and forth as the wave passes, like a slinky.

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18
Q

What type of waves do earthquakes and explosions make?

A

Seismic waves, that travel through the earth.

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19
Q

What type of waves are electromagnet waves?

A

Transverse waves

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20
Q

What’s wave frequency?

A

The number of waves passing through a certain point each second.

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21
Q

What’s frequency measured in?

A

Herts (Hz)

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22
Q

For sound, what does the frequency determine?

A

The pitch(how high or low)

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23
Q

For light, what does the frequency determine?

A

The colour

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24
Q

What’s a period?

A

The time it takes for one wave to pass a certain point

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25
Q

What’s a wavelength of a wave?

A

The distance from a point on a wave to the same point on the next wave

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26
Q

What is wavelength and amplitude measured in?

A

Metres

27
Q

What’s an amplitude?

A

How loud or quiet a sound is

28
Q

How do you measure the amplitude of a wave?

A

The maximum distance the wave has travelled measured to the medium point or rest point.

29
Q

What’s the velocity?

A

The speed of the wave in the direction it’s traveling.

30
Q

How do you calculate the speed of a wave?

A

Speed (m/s) = distance (m)divided by time(s)

31
Q

What changes the wave speed?

A

The type of medium it’s travelling through. Light travels slowly in glass or water, quicker in a vacuum

32
Q

Where does refraction happen?

A

The interface(boundary) of 2 different media.

33
Q

What’s another way to work out wave speed?

A

Speed (m/s) = frequency(Hz) x wavelength(m)

34
Q

Light traveling at what angle does not refract?

A

90 degrees

35
Q

Does each frequency travel at the same speed?

A

No

36
Q

How do we hear echoes?

A

When sound waves are reflected off a hard surface

37
Q

If the velocity changes, what else must also change?

A

Frequency, wavelength or both

38
Q

What doesn’t change when a sound wave enters a different material?

A

The frequency

39
Q

What does a sound wave cause on the surface of a solid?

A

The pressure

40
Q

What does a change in pressure on the surface of a solid cause?

A

The particles to vibrate to allow the sound wave to move through.

41
Q

What are the vibrations passed on from a solid?

A

Longitudinal or transverse

42
Q

What does the density of a solid determine?

A

How vibrations of different frequencies affect it.

43
Q

What does the outer ear help?

A

Helps channel the vibrations into the hole.

44
Q

What are vibrations from the air converted into inside the ear?

A

Electrical impulses that are sent to the brain.

45
Q

Does the eardrum have a thick or thin membrane.

A

Thin so that the vibrations can make it vibrate

46
Q

What do the tiny bones do to the vibrations?

A

Amplify then(make them louder)

47
Q

Where is the liquid stored in the ear?

A

The cochlea.

48
Q

What in the cochlea detects the vibrations and converts them into electrical impulses?

A

Tiny hairs

49
Q

How do the impulses get to the brain?

A

Travel down the auditory nerve in neurones.

50
Q

What’s the cochlea?

A

A coiled tube containing liquid.

51
Q

What frequencies can humans detect?

A

20Hz to 20,000Hz

52
Q

What does the base in the cochlea detect?

A

High frequencies

53
Q

What does the apex in the cochlea detect?

A

Low frequencies

54
Q

Is the base membrane thicker and stiffer than the apex membrane?

A

Yes

55
Q

What is the hair cell connected to?

A

The membrane and a neurone

56
Q

Which animals use ultrasound to communicate?

A

Bats, dolphins and mice

57
Q

What is sonar equipment used for?

A

Find depth of the sea and detect fish

58
Q

What do volcanoes and earthquakes make?

A

Infrasound

59
Q

Why is gel put on before an ultrasound scan?

A

To stop the ultrasound just being reflected

60
Q

What’s a seismometers?

A

Something that detects a seismic waves

61
Q

What causes the direction of light to change?

A

The change in speed.

62
Q

Why does an object at the bottom of a pool look closer than it actually is?

A

Because light reflected by it changes direction when it leaves the water

63
Q

The greater the difference in what makes the light bend more?

A

The greater the difference in speed.

Physics (11 decks)

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