Energy (paper1&2)

Question 1

What type of energy is stored in batteries, food and fuel?

Answer 1

Chemical energy

Question 2

What type of energy is stored in moving objects?

Answer 2

Kinetic energy

Question 3

What type of energy is stored in hot objects

Answer 3

Thermal energy

Question 4

What type of energy is stored in stretched, squashed or twisted material?

Answer 4

Elastic potential energy

Question 5

What type of energy is stored in objects in a high position

Answer 5

Gravitational potential energy

Question 6

What type of energy is stored in atoms

Answer 6

Atomic energy or nuclear energy

Question 7

How is energy transferred

Answer 7

It changes from one type of energy to another

Question 8

What is the law of conservation of energy

Answer 8

It can not be created or destroyed

Question 9

What is a ‘system’

Answer 9

Something in which we are studying

Question 10

What are the units for measuring energy

Answer 10

Joules

Question 11

What happens when energy is dissipated

Answer 11

It spreads out and can’t be used for useful energy

Question 12

When do most machines waste energy

Answer 12

When they get hot

Question 13

Why do machines heat up

Answer 13

When 2 parts are moving against each other, friction causes them to heat up. The thermal energy in the machine is dissipated into the surroundings, and this is wasted energy

Question 14

How can friction be reduced

Answer 14

By using a lubricant

Question 15

What can be used as lubricant

Answer 15

Oil, other liquids and some gases

Question 16

What is efficiency

Answer 16

A way of describing how good a machine is at transferring energy into useful forms

Question 17

What is the efficiency between

Answer 17

0 and 1

Question 18

When measuring efficiency, is it better to be nearer 0 or 1

Answer 18

1

Question 19

What is the efficiency equation

Answer 19

(Useful energy transferred) divided by (total energy supplied)

Question 20

What are the units of efficiency

Answer 20

There aren’t any

Question 21

How do you increase the efficiency

Answer 21

Reduce the amount of wasted energy

Question 22

How else can we increase efficiency

Answer 22

Find ways to make sure all the fuel going into the engine is being burned, or ways that thermal energy being wasted could be used

Question 23

What does insulation do

Answer 23

Slow down the rate at which energy is transferred out of a house by heating.

Question 24

What happens in conduction

Answer 24

Vibrations are passed on between particles in a solid

Question 25

What are good thermal conductors

Answer 25

Metals

Question 26

What are good thermal insulators

Answer 26

Wood and straw

Question 27

What happens in convection

Answer 27

The part of a fluid that is warmer than the rest rises and sets up in a convection current

Question 28

What is convection current

Answer 28

A current in a fluid | Think geography

Question 29

What is the only way energy can be transferred through a vacuum

Answer 29

Radiation

Question 30

What does it mean if a material has a low thermal conductivity?

Answer 30

It means that energy is not passed through them very easily by heating

Question 31

What are materials that contain air good at?

Answer 31

They are good insulators because air has a very low thermal conductivity

Question 32

What are the factors affecting the rate at which energy is transferred through a material by heating

Answer 32

Thickness, its thermal conductivity, and temp difference

Question 33

How is the rate of energy transferred reduced

Answer 33

Increasing thickness, decreasing thermal conductivity and decreasing temp difference

Question 34

What is GPE

Answer 34

Energy that is stored because of an objects position in a gravitational field

Question 35

Where does the object have to be to contain GPE

Answer 35

Above the surface of the earth

Question 36

What happens every time an object is moved upwards

Answer 36

It gains more GPE

Question 37

What does the amount of GPE stored depend on

Answer 37

The mass, the strength of gravity and how far up the object is

Question 38

What is the GPE equation

Answer 38

Change in GPE= mass x gravitational field strength x change in height

Question 39

What is earths gravitational field strength

Answer 39

10N/Kg

Question 40

Name an example of GPE in use

Answer 40

Birds dropping stones to break shells of nuts

Question 41

What does kinetic energy depend on

Answer 41

Mass and speed

Question 42

What's the kinetic energy equation

Answer 42

Kinetic energy=1/2 x mass x speed squared

Question 43

Name a nuclear fuel

Answer 43

Uranium

Question 44

Why are nuclear fuels good to use as energy

Answer 44

They store a lot of energy in a small space

Question 45

What is nuclear fuel useful for

Answer 45

Spacecrafts as the mass of the fuel is important

Question 46

What are petrol and diesel made up from

Answer 46

Oil

Question 47

Name some non-renewable energy sources

Answer 47

Coal, oil, gas

Question 48

Why is petrol and diesel used in cars, planes and boats

Answer 48

Because it's easy to store and use in engines, and has a lot of energy

Question 49

What is burnt to heat homes

Answer 49

Natural gas

Question 50

What does burning fossil fuels release

Answer 50

Carbon dioxide and other gases

Question 51

What do the carbon dioxide emissions contribute to

Answer 51

Climate change and global warming

Question 52

What causes further pollution problems

Answer 52

Emissions from power stations and vehicles

Question 53

What causes less pollution than burning coal

Answer 53

Burning natural gas

Question 54

What kind of power stations do not emit any emissions?

Answer 54

Nuclear power stations

Question 55

What's the disadvantage of nuclear power stations

Answer 55

The waste they produce is radioactive and stays radioactive for millions of years

Question 56

What's a difference between nuclear and fossil-fuelled power stations

Answer 56

Nuclear power stations are very expensive to dismantle at the end of their working life, and its expensive to get rid of the waste product safely

Question 57

What's a big risk with nuclear power stations

Answer 57

If a major accident happens, the consequences are massive

Question 58

Name the different types of renewable energy

Answer 58

Hydro, solar, wind, geothermal and tidal

Question 59

What kind of energy do solar cells produce

Answer 59

Solar energy

Question 60

What do solar cells do

Answer 60

Convert solar energy straight into electrical energy in solar farms or on roof tops

Question 61

In what other ways can solar energy be used

Answer 61

In power stations or to heat water in homes

Question 62

What is a downfall of solar energy

Answer 62

It's not available all the time

Question 63

How is hydroelectricity generated

Answer 63

By falling water into places where it can be trapped in high reservoirs

Question 64

What are some advantages of hydroelectricity

Answer 64

It's available all the time, as long as the reservoirs don't dry up and it can be started and stopped quickly unlike fossil fuel power stations

Question 65

When can wind energy be used

Answer 65

When the wind is not too fast or too slow

Question 66

What's a disadvantage of wind turbines

Answer 66

People think they are ugly and can lower house prices if they are visible

Question 67

When can tide turbines generate electricity

Answer 67

When a huge barricade of turbines across a river estuary turn as the tide flows in and out

Question 68

When is tidal power available

Answer 68

At predictable times, but not all the time

Question 69

What's a disadvantage of tidal turbines

Answer 69

They affect local wildlife and there are only a few places in the U.K that are suitable to have them

Question 70

bio-fuels be used as in the same way as what?

Answer 70

Fossil fuels

Question 71

What are bio fuels made from

Answer 71

Animal waste or plants

Question 72

What are bio fuels also made out of

Answer 72

Waste wood, parts of plants that aren't eaten, and some crops are grown just to use as bio fuel

Question 73

What are bio fuels called

Answer 73

Carbon neutral

Question 74

Why are biofuels called carbon neutral

Answer 74

Because when they burn, they release the same amount of carbon dioxide as they took from when they were plants

Question 75

What do crops need to grow, be harvested and be made into biomass?

Answer 75

Energy, so really most biofuels aren't carbon neutral

Question 76

What is geothermal energy

Answer 76

Electricity generated from heated rocks from under the ground

Question 77

Why can't we only use renewables to generate electricity all the time?

Answer 77

Because they are unpredictable, and not available all the time

Question 78

Power equation

Answer 78

Work done divided by time taken

Question 79

What is the type of force that occurs when objects are touching

Answer 79

Contact forces

Question 80

Name some non contact forces

Answer 80

Gravity, magnetism,static electricity

Question 81

What is a force field

Answer 81

The space around an object where it can affect other objects

Question 82

Explain a Magnetic field

Answer 82

A field in which a magnet can attract objects made of magnetic materials such as iron

Question 83

Explain an electric field

Answer 83

A field in which two objects with the same charge produce a pair of forces that are equal in size and acting in different directions

Question 84

What is the resultant force

Answer 84

The total force that results from two or more forces acting upon an object