Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physics > Radioactivity (paper1) > Flashcards

Radioactivity (paper1) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

Who made up the phrase” a sea of charged particles”

A

JJ Thomson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What’s a nucleon number

A

The atomic mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What experiment was conducted to find the atomic structure

A

The gold foil test by Ernest Rutherford

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What’s the definition of ionisation

A

The addition of removal of an electron to create an ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does losing an electron do

A

Creates a positive ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do neutrons not do

A

Ionise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What particles are ionising

A

Alpha
Beta minus
Positrons
Gamma rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What’s alphas charge

A

+2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What’s beta minuses charge

A

-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What’s positrons charge

A

+1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What the charge of gamma rays

A

0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which particle is the most ionising

A

Alpha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are alpha particles equal to

A

Helium nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are alpha particles made up of

A

2 protons and 2 neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What’s the alpha particles symbol

A

4a2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a beta particle

A

An electron emitted from the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do beta minus particles do

A

Move very fast and is a high energy electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a positron

A

A positively charged electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a positron a form of

A

Antimatter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What happens when a positron collides with an electron

A

They are both annihilated and energy is produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are gamma rays

A

High frequency electromagnetic waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are gamma rays not

A

Particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is neutron emission

A

When a neutron is lost from the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What’s the neutron symbol

A

1N0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Show an isotope

A

13Be4=1N0 + 12Be4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is neutron emission a type of

A

Radioactive decay of atoms that contain excess neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Why is a neutron emitted from the nucleus

A

To make the atom more stable

28
Q

Why does the atom just become a new isotope of the original element

A

Because only a neutron is lost

29
Q

What are neutrons high in?

A

Penetrating but not ionising

30
Q

What is always the same throughout an isotope

A

The atomic number (the bottom one)

31
Q

What’s alpha decay in an equation

A

4H2

32
Q

What does alpha decay do

A

Emits an alpha particle, made up of 2 protons and 2 neutrons

33
Q

What does alpha decay do to the element

A

Changes it because it reduces the proton number by 2 and reduces the mass by 4

34
Q

What’s beta decay

A

Emission of a b- particle turns a neutron into a proton

35
Q

Neutron=proton+electron

A

Neutron=proton + electron

36
Q

What’s the symbol for b- decay

A

0E-1

37
Q

What happens in a b- decay equation

A

The mass number stays the same and the proton number increases by one, creating a new element

38
Q

What happens in positron decay

A

Emission of a b+ particle turns a proton into a neutron

39
Q

Name a use for alpha

A

Smoke detectors, americium-241 releases alpha, which ionises air. Smoke absorbs alpha, therefore triggering the alarm

40
Q

Name a use for beta

A

Quality controlling thickness of paper

41
Q

Name a use for gamma

A

Can pass through syringes. Killing living tissues such as viruses

42
Q

What kind of energy is released during nuclear fission

A

Kinetic energy

43
Q

Proton=neutron + positron

A

Proton=neutron + positron

44
Q

What’s the symbol for the positron equation

A

0B1

45
Q

What’s radioactive decay

A

When a nucleus of an unstable isotope gives off alpha, beta or gamma radiation

46
Q

What is the number of decays per second called

A

Isotopes activity

47
Q

What are the units of activity called

A

Becquerel (Bq)

48
Q

What’s the half life of a radioactive isotope

A

The time taken for half the undecayed nuclei present to decay

49
Q

What was Alexander Litvinenko poised with

A

Polonium-210

50
Q

What are some somatic effects of radiation

A

Affects exposed cells and tissue

Can lead to Acute Radiation Poisoning

51
Q

What’s the definition of somatic

A

Relating to the body

52
Q

What are some genetic effects of radiation

A

DNA can be mutated

Reproductive cells as subjected to being harmed

53
Q

What can gamma rays do to foods containing microorganisms that cause food poisoning

A

They can irradiate the food to kill bacteria

54
Q

What the half life of americium 241

A

432, so it can’t harm humans

55
Q

What do tracers in PET scans have a similar form to

A

Glucose

56
Q

What happens to the isotope in a PET scan

A

It undergoes positron decay, releasing a positron. The positron collects with an electron, releasing gamma rays in the opposite directions.

57
Q

What’s the definition of fission

A

Splitting of the nucleus

58
Q

Describe a type of nuclear fission

A

Uranium-235 absorbs a neutron, making an unstable nucleus of uranium 236. This splits into two smaller nuclei, and extra neutrons. Energy is released

59
Q

What’s the definition of a daughter nucleus

A

A nucleus that is made when a nucleus splits as it is unstable

60
Q

What controls chain reactions

A

Control rods

61
Q

How do control rods control chain reactions

A

They absorb neutrons

62
Q

What do moderators do

A

Slow down neutrons

63
Q

When does nuclear fusion occur

A

When nuclei are joined together

64
Q

What does nuclear fusion generate

A

Heat energy

65
Q

What is needed to do nucleur fusion

A

Very high temps and pressure

Physics (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions