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Physics > Electricity And Circuits (paper2) > Flashcards

Electricity And Circuits (paper2) Flashcards

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1
Q

What happens when a battery is attached to a wire

A

The voltage pushes the free electrons around the circuit

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2
Q

Why are metals good conductors

A

They have one outer electron that can be lost easily

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3
Q

Where is the conventional current direction from

A

The positive terminal to the negative terminal of the battery

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4
Q

What are the objects in a circuit called

A

Components

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5
Q

What are the 2 different types of circuit

A

Parallel and series

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6
Q

What is a series circuit

A

A circuit where there is just one route the current can take

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7
Q

What is a parallel circuit

A

A circuit where the current can take different routes due to junctions

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8
Q

What is current measured in

A

Amperes(amps,A)

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9
Q

What is used to measure current passing through a circuit or component

A

Ammeter

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10
Q

Does the amount of current stay the same throughout the circuit

A

Yes

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11
Q

How come the amount of current stays the same

A

Because current is conserved

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12
Q

What is potential difference used for in circuits

A

It is used to push current

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13
Q

What is another name for potential difference

A

Voltage

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14
Q

When will electrons flow

A

When a potential difference is applied across a component

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15
Q

What is needed for a current to flow

A

A closed circuit and a source of potential difference

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16
Q

Name 2 sources of potential difference

A

A cell or battery

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17
Q

The bigger the potential difference…

A

The bigger the current

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18
Q

In a parallel circuit the voltage across each branch is what

A

The same

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19
Q

When there is more than one component on a branch…

A

The voltage across the components add up to the total voltage supplied by the cell

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20
Q

What is voltage measured in

A

Volts(V)

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21
Q

What is used to measure voltage

A

Voltmeter

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22
Q

A voltmeter is always connected in what

A

Parallel to measure voltage across a component or circuit

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23
Q

What does moving charged particles form

A

A electric current

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24
Q

What is electric charge measured in

A

Coulombs (C)

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25
Q

What is one coulomb

A

The charge that passes a point in a circuit when there is a current of one amp for one second

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26
Q

In metals the current is what

A

The flow of electrons

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27
Q

What is the charge of an electron

A

Negligible

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28
Q

What is electric current

A

The rate of flow of charge

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29
Q

What is the charge equation

A

Charge = current x time

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30
Q

What does charge have if it can transfer energy to the components

A

Potential energy

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31
Q

What is 1 volt equal to

A

1 joule of per coulomb

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32
Q

What is the equation for energy transferred

A

ET= charge moved x potential difference

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33
Q

If the electrical resistance of a component is high, what is also needed

A

A larger potential difference

34
Q

Resistance units

A

Ohms

35
Q

What is the other potential difference equation

A

PD= current x resistance

36
Q

Is potential difference shared between resistors equally

A

No

37
Q

When resistors are connected into a parallel circuit, the total resistance of the circuit is now what?

A

Less than the resistance of the individual resistors, this is because there are more paths for current to take

38
Q

LDRs( light dependant resistors) have a what in low light

A

High resistance

39
Q

Thermistors have a what at low temps

A

High resistance

40
Q

Why do circuits warm up

A

As they have resistance

41
Q

Why is energy transferred when a current runs through a resistor

A

Because electrical work is done against the resistor

42
Q

Through what form is energy transferred in a circuit

A

Thermal,as the components warm up

43
Q

Where is this heating effect useful?

A

In a kettle or electrical heater

44
Q

What is it called when the thermal energy isn’t used

A

Dissipated energy

45
Q

The more what, the harder it is for the current to run through?

A

Collisions in the resistor

46
Q

How can resistance in a circuit be reduced

A

By using low resistance metals such as copper, or thicker wires

47
Q

Energy transferred equation

A

Energy transferred = current x voltage x time

48
Q

What is power

A

Energy transferred per second

49
Q

What is power measured in

A

Watts

50
Q

Power equation

A

Power = energy transferred divided by time taken

51
Q

Electrical power equation

A

Electrical power = current x voltage

52
Q

What do appliances use when they need a large amount of energy

A

The mains electricity

53
Q

How is electricity sent to our homes

A

Through the national grid

54
Q

What circuit uses direct current

A

Series

55
Q

What circuit used alternating current

A

Mains electricity, as it is powered by generators that change direction

56
Q

What changes durning alternating current

A

Direction and voltage

57
Q

Name the 4 different parts of a plug

A

Fuse, earth wire, neutral wire and live wire

58
Q

What is the earth wire

A

It connects the metal parts of the appliance to a large metal spike that is stuck into the ground

59
Q

What is the earth wire used for

A

Safety, to make sure you don’t get an electric shock

60
Q

What is the neutral wire

A

The return path to the power station

61
Q

What is the fuse

A

A safety device that is marked with the current it can carry

62
Q

What is the live wire

A

It connects the appliance to the generators in a power station

63
Q

What is the voltage of the live wire

A

230V

64
Q

What is the voltage of the earth wire

A

0V

65
Q

What is the voltage of the neutral wire

A

0V

66
Q

What current does the fuse usually carry

A

3, 5 or 13A

67
Q

What is the fuse made up of

A

A tube with thin wire inside h

68
Q

What do circuit breakers do

A

Detect a change in current and safely switch off the supply

69
Q

What is the advantage of circuit breakers

A

Once a fault has been fixed they can be turned back on again whereas fuses have to be replaced

70
Q

How do plastics collect a charge

A

Because they are insulators

71
Q

What is charging by induction

A

An example of charging by induction is when a negatively charged balloon is placed near a wall, the electrons in the wall detect due to them being the same charge, leaving the wall with a positive charge. Now that they have opposing charges, the balloon sticks to the wall.

72
Q

How is lightning formed

A

Static electricity is built up between the clouds due to friction in particles of ice or water. When the charge is big enough it travels between clouds and earth

73
Q

How are buildings protected against lightning

A

Buildings are earthed with lightning conductors made of thick metal

74
Q

How are sparks prevented between a fuel pipe and aircraft

A

A bonding line is connected to the earth

75
Q

What does electrostatic spraying make use of

A

Static electricity

76
Q

How does electrostatic spraying work

A

Electrodes on the spray nozzle charge the substance as it passes. The charged particles spread out as they are repelled from each other and then are attracted to the plant or car by induction

77
Q

What is a force field

A

A volume of space around an object in which another object can have a force acted on it

78
Q

What type of forcefield does a charged object have

A

An electric field

79
Q

What are the lines around the point charge

A

Field lines

80
Q

Name some properties of field lines

A

They never cross, show were the force is strongest, and direction of force

81
Q

What does the electric field between two parallel plates look like

A

Uniform

Physics (11 decks)

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