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Electricity And Circuits (paper2) Flashcards

1
Q

What happens when a battery is attached to a wire

A

The voltage pushes the free electrons around the circuit

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2
Q

Why are metals good conductors

A

They have one outer electron that can be lost easily

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3
Q

Where is the conventional current direction from

A

The positive terminal to the negative terminal of the battery

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4
Q

What are the objects in a circuit called

A

Components

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5
Q

What are the 2 different types of circuit

A

Parallel and series

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6
Q

What is a series circuit

A

A circuit where there is just one route the current can take

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7
Q

What is a parallel circuit

A

A circuit where the current can take different routes due to junctions

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8
Q

What is current measured in

A

Amperes(amps,A)

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9
Q

What is used to measure current passing through a circuit or component

A

Ammeter

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10
Q

Does the amount of current stay the same throughout the circuit

A

Yes

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11
Q

How come the amount of current stays the same

A

Because current is conserved

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12
Q

What is potential difference used for in circuits

A

It is used to push current

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13
Q

What is another name for potential difference

A

Voltage

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14
Q

When will electrons flow

A

When a potential difference is applied across a component

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15
Q

What is needed for a current to flow

A

A closed circuit and a source of potential difference

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16
Q

Name 2 sources of potential difference

A

A cell or battery

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17
Q

The bigger the potential difference…

A

The bigger the current

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18
Q

In a parallel circuit the voltage across each branch is what

A

The same

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19
Q

When there is more than one component on a branch…

A

The voltage across the components add up to the total voltage supplied by the cell

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20
Q

What is voltage measured in

A

Volts(V)

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21
Q

What is used to measure voltage

A

Voltmeter

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22
Q

A voltmeter is always connected in what

A

Parallel to measure voltage across a component or circuit

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23
Q

What does moving charged particles form

A

A electric current

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24
Q

What is electric charge measured in

A

Coulombs (C)

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25
What is one coulomb
The charge that passes a point in a circuit when there is a current of one amp for one second
26
In metals the current is what
The flow of electrons
27
What is the charge of an electron
Negligible
28
What is electric current
The rate of flow of charge
29
What is the charge equation
Charge = current x time
30
What does charge have if it can transfer energy to the components
Potential energy
31
What is 1 volt equal to
1 joule of per coulomb
32
What is the equation for energy transferred
ET= charge moved x potential difference
33
If the electrical resistance of a component is high, what is also needed
A larger potential difference
34
Resistance units
Ohms
35
What is the other potential difference equation
PD= current x resistance
36
Is potential difference shared between resistors equally
No
37
When resistors are connected into a parallel circuit, the total resistance of the circuit is now what?
Less than the resistance of the individual resistors, this is because there are more paths for current to take
38
LDRs( light dependant resistors) have a what in low light
High resistance
39
Thermistors have a what at low temps
High resistance
40
Why do circuits warm up
As they have resistance
41
Why is energy transferred when a current runs through a resistor
Because electrical work is done against the resistor
42
Through what form is energy transferred in a circuit
Thermal,as the components warm up
43
Where is this heating effect useful?
In a kettle or electrical heater
44
What is it called when the thermal energy isn't used
Dissipated energy
45
The more what, the harder it is for the current to run through?
Collisions in the resistor
46
How can resistance in a circuit be reduced
By using low resistance metals such as copper, or thicker wires
47
Energy transferred equation
Energy transferred = current x voltage x time
48
What is power
Energy transferred per second
49
What is power measured in
Watts
50
Power equation
Power = energy transferred divided by time taken
51
Electrical power equation
Electrical power = current x voltage
52
What do appliances use when they need a large amount of energy
The mains electricity
53
How is electricity sent to our homes
Through the national grid
54
What circuit uses direct current
Series
55
What circuit used alternating current
Mains electricity, as it is powered by generators that change direction
56
What changes durning alternating current
Direction and voltage
57
Name the 4 different parts of a plug
Fuse, earth wire, neutral wire and live wire
58
What is the earth wire
It connects the metal parts of the appliance to a large metal spike that is stuck into the ground
59
What is the earth wire used for
Safety, to make sure you don't get an electric shock
60
What is the neutral wire
The return path to the power station
61
What is the fuse
A safety device that is marked with the current it can carry
62
What is the live wire
It connects the appliance to the generators in a power station
63
What is the voltage of the live wire
230V
64
What is the voltage of the earth wire
0V
65
What is the voltage of the neutral wire
0V
66
What current does the fuse usually carry
3, 5 or 13A
67
What is the fuse made up of
A tube with thin wire inside h
68
What do circuit breakers do
Detect a change in current and safely switch off the supply
69
What is the advantage of circuit breakers
Once a fault has been fixed they can be turned back on again whereas fuses have to be replaced
70
How do plastics collect a charge
Because they are insulators
71
What is charging by induction
An example of charging by induction is when a negatively charged balloon is placed near a wall, the electrons in the wall detect due to them being the same charge, leaving the wall with a positive charge. Now that they have opposing charges, the balloon sticks to the wall.
72
How is lightning formed
Static electricity is built up between the clouds due to friction in particles of ice or water. When the charge is big enough it travels between clouds and earth
73
How are buildings protected against lightning
Buildings are earthed with lightning conductors made of thick metal
74
How are sparks prevented between a fuel pipe and aircraft
A bonding line is connected to the earth
75
What does electrostatic spraying make use of
Static electricity
76
How does electrostatic spraying work
Electrodes on the spray nozzle charge the substance as it passes. The charged particles spread out as they are repelled from each other and then are attracted to the plant or car by induction
77
What is a force field
A volume of space around an object in which another object can have a force acted on it
78
What type of forcefield does a charged object have
An electric field
79
What are the lines around the point charge
Field lines
80
Name some properties of field lines
They never cross, show were the force is strongest, and direction of force
81
What does the electric field between two parallel plates look like
Uniform

Physics (11 decks)

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