waves (p2)

Question 1

What is a transverse wave?

Answer 1

Transverse waves oscillate perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

Question 2

What is a longitudinal wave?

Answer 2

Longitudinal waves osciallate parallel to the direction of energy transfer

Question 3

What is an example of a transverse wave?

Answer 3

Water waves (ripples)

Question 3

What is the difference between longitudinal and transverse waves?

Answer 3

Longitudinal waves oscillate parallel to the direction of energy transfer.

Transverse waves oscillate perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer.

Question 4

What is an example of a longitudinal wave?

Answer 4

Sound waves

Question 5

Are water ripples examples of a transverse or a longitudinal wave?

Answer 5

transverse

Question 5

Is sound an example of a transverse or a longitudinal wave?

Answer 5

longitudinal

Question 6

What is the definition for the amplitude of a wave?

Answer 6

the maximum displacement of a point on a wave away from its undisturbed position

Question 7

What is the definition for the wavelength of a wave?

Answer 7

the distance from a point on one wave to the same point on the next wave

Question 8

What is the definition for the frequency of a wave?

Answer 8

the number of waves passing a point each second

Question 9

What is the definition for the time period of a wave?

Answer 9

the time taken for a wave to complete one full oscillation

Question 10

What is the equation that links time period and frequency of a wave?

Answer 10

Period = 1 ÷ frequency

Question 11

What is the unit for time period?

Answer 11

seconds s

Question 12

What is the unit for frequency?

Answer 12

Hertz, Hz

Question 13

What is the equation that links wave speed, wavelength, and frequency of a wave?

Answer 13

wave speed = frequency x wavelength

Question 14

What is the unit for wave speed?

Answer 14

metres per second, m/s

Question 15

What is the unit for wavelength?

Answer 15

metres m

Question 16

Describe a method to measure the speed of sound waves in air

Answer 16

Make a loud noise on a field near a wall, and use:
- a measuring tape to measure the distance to and from the wall;
- and a stopwatch to measure the time for the echo of the noise to be heard.
Use the equation speed = distance ÷ time to calculate the speed

Question 16

Describe a method to measure the speed of ripples on water

Answer 16

Set up a ripple tank and use:
- a ruler to measure wavelength;
- and a stopwatch to measure frequency.
Use the equation wave speed = frequency x wavelength to calculate the speed

Question 17

What are electromagnetic waves?

Answer 17

transverse waves that transfer energy from the source of the waves to an absorber

Question 18

What are the waves on the electromagnetic specturm, in order from longest to shortest wavelength?

Answer 18

Radio, Microwaves, Infrared, Visible light, Ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma rays

Question 19

Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum transfers the most energy?

Answer 19

Gamma rays

Question 20

Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum has the shortest wavelength?

Answer 20

gamma rays

Question 21

Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum has the highest frequency?

Answer 21

gamma rays

Question 21

Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum has the longest wavelength?

Answer 21

radio waves

Question 22

[𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗧𝗶𝗲𝗿] What happens to a light ray when it enters an object that is more optically dense?

Answer 22

It bends towards towards the normal

Question 22

Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum has the smallest frequency?

Answer 22

radio waves

Question 23

[𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗧𝗶𝗲𝗿] What happens to a light ray when it enters an object that is less optically dense?

Answer 23

It bends towards away from the normal

Question 24

[𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗧𝗶𝗲𝗿] What causes refraction of waves?

Answer 24

the difference in the velocity of the waves in different substances

Question 25

[𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗧𝗶𝗲𝗿] What four possibilities could happen when a wave goes through a substance?

Answer 25

different substances may reflect, transmit, absorb or reflect electromagnetic waves in ways that vary with wavelength

Question 26

What happens when a wave refracts?

Answer 26

changes direction

Question 27

What type of surfaces are good at absorbing and emitting raditation?

Answer 27

Dark, matte (dull) coloured surfaces

Question 28

What type of surfaces are good at reflecting radition?

Answer 28

Bright, shiny coloured surfaces

Question 29

Explain why refraction takes place as a wave moves from one substance to another

Answer 29

Refraction takes place because waves will travel at different velocities in different substances

Question 30

[𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗧𝗶𝗲𝗿] How can radio waves be produced?

Answer 30

by oscillations within electric circuits

Question 31

[𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗧𝗶𝗲𝗿] What happens when radio waves are absorbed by an electrical conductor?

Answer 31

they create an alternating current with the same frequency as the radio wave itself

Question 32

How can gamma rays be produced?

Answer 32

by changes in the nucleus of an atom

Question 33

Which types of waves can have hazardous effects on body tissue?

Answer 33

ultraviolet waves, X-rays and gamma rays

Question 34

What is radiation dose (in Sieverts) a measure of?

Answer 34

the risk of harm resulting from an exposure of the body to the radiation

Question 35

What are the risks of ultraviolet waves on body tissue?

Answer 35

they can cause skin to age prematurely and increase the risk of skin cancer

Question 35

What are the risks of X-rays and gamma rays on body tissue?

Answer 35

they are ionising radiation that can cause the mutation of genes and cancer

Question 36

What are uses of radio waves?

Answer 36

Television and radio

Question 36

What are uses of microwaves?

Answer 36

Satellite communications, cooking food

Question 37

What are uses of infrared?

Answer 37

Electrical heaters, cooking food, infrared cameras

Question 38

What are uses of visible light?

Answer 38

Fibre optic communications

Question 39

What are uses of ultraviolet?

Answer 39

Energy efficient lamps, sun tanning

Question 39

What are uses of X-rays?

Answer 39

medical imaging and treatments (e.g. treating cancer)

Question 40

What are uses of gamma rays?

Answer 40

medical imaging and treatments (e.g. treating cancer)