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physics > electricity (p1) > Flashcards

electricity (p1) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the circuit symbol for a bulb?

A

Circle with a cross

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2
Q

What is the circuit symbol for a cell?

A

Two lines, one shorter than the other

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3
Q

What is the circuit symbol for a battery?

A

Two lines, one shorter than the other, repeated at least twice

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4
Q

What is the circuit symbol for an ammeter?

A

Circle with an A

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5
Q

What is the circuit symbol for a voltmeter?

A

circle with a V

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6
Q

What is the circuit symbol for a switch?

A

break in the wire line

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7
Q

What is the circuit symbol for a fuse/resistor?

A

Rectangle with a line through

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8
Q

What is the circuit symbol for a diode?

A

Circle with an arrow and line inside

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9
Q

What is the circuit symbol for a LED?

A

Circle with an arrow and line inside and two arrows pointing out

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9
Q

What is the circuit symbol for a resistor?

A

rectangle

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10
Q

What is the circuit symbol for a variable resistor?

A

Rectangle with an arrow through

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11
Q

What is the circuit symbol for a thermistor?

A

Rectangle with a bent line through

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12
Q

What is the circuit symbol for an LDR?

A

Rectangle with a circle around and two arrows pointing in

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13
Q

What is the function of an electrical cell?

A

Provides energy to the electrons, or provides potential difference

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14
Q

What is the function of a battery?

A

Provides energy to the electrons, or provides potential difference

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15
Q

What is the function of a fuse?

A

Breaks and stops the circuit if the current is too high

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16
Q

What is the function of a switch?

A

Breaks or completes the circuit

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17
Q

What charge do electrons have?

A

negative

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18
Q

What equation links current, charge flow & time?

A

charge flow = current × time

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19
Q

What is the unit for charge flow?

A

Coulombs, or C

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20
Q

What is the unit for current?

A

Amps, or A

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21
Q

What is the unit for time?

A

seconds

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22
Q

What happens to current flow if the resistance increases?

A

decreased

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23
Q

What is the unit for potential difference?

A

volts

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24
Q

What is the unit for resistance?

A

Ohms, or Ω

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25
Q

What is the function of an ammeter?

A

Measures the current in a circuit

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26
Q

What is the function of a voltmeter?

A

Measures the potential difference through a component

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27
Q

Where should an ammeter be placed in a circuit?

A

Ammeters should be placed in series with the components

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28
Q

Where should a voltmeter be placed in a circuit?

A

Voltmeters should be placed on a parallel bridge around the component of interest

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29
Q

What is the function of a resistor?

A

Increases the resistance of a circuit

30
Q

What is the function of a variable resistor?

A

Increases the resistance of a circuit, and can be changed

31
Q

What is an ohmic conductor?

A

The current through an ohmic conductor (at a constant temperature) is directly proportional to the potential difference across the resistor.

This means that the resistance remains constant as the current changes.

32
Q

What does the current-potential difference graph for an ohmic conductor (like a resistor) look like?

A

A straight line through 0,0

33
Q

What does the current-potential difference graph for a filament bulb look like?

A

A curved line through 0,0

34
Q

What is the function of a bulb?

A

Produces light radiation

35
Q

What does the current-potential difference graph for a diode look like?

A

A curved line that increases significantly after a certain potential difference

36
Q

What is the function of a diode?

A

Allows current to only flow in one direction

37
Q

What is the function of an LED?

A

Allows current to only flow in one direction, and produces light radiation

38
Q

What happens to the resistance of a thermistor when the temperature changes?

A

The resistance of a thermistor decreases as the temperature increases.

39
Q

What is the function of a thermistor?

A

Increases the resistance of a circuit depending on the temperature of the surroundings

40
Q

What happens to the resistance of an LDR when the light intensity changes?

A

The resistance of an LDR decreases as light intensity increases.

41
Q

What is the function of an LDR?

A

Increases the resistance of a circuit depending on the brightness of the surroundings

42
Q

How are thermistors used?

A

in circuits as thermostats

43
Q

How are LDRs used?

A

in circuits to switch on lights on when it gets dark

44
Q

Give four examples of non-ohmic conductors

A

Diodes, filament bulbs, LDRs, thermistors

45
Q

What is the unit for power?

A

Watts, W

46
Q

What does the amount of energy an appliance transfers depend on?

A

how long the appliance is switched on for and the power of the appliance

47
Q

What is the unit for energy transferred?

A

joules

48
Q

What is the unit for work done?

A

joules

49
Q

[𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗧𝗶𝗲𝗿] In a transformer, which coil is the primary coil?

A

The coil with an alternating power supply connected to it

50
Q

[𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗧𝗶𝗲𝗿] In a transformer, which coil is the secondary coil?

A

The coil without an alternating power supply connected to it

51
Q

What colour is the neutral wire?

A

blue

52
Q

What is name of the blue wire in a plug?

A

neutral

53
Q

What colour is the earth wire?

A

Green and yellow stripes

54
Q

What is name of the green and yellow striped wire in a plug?

A

earth wire

55
Q

What colour is the live wire?

A

brown

56
Q

What is name of the brown wire in a plug?

A

live

57
Q

What is the purpose of the neutral wire?

A

Completes the circuit

58
Q

What is the purpose of the live wire?

A

Provides the alternating potential difference

59
Q

What is the purpose of the earth wire?

A

Protects the circuit and stops the appliance casing from becoming live. It only carries current if there is a fault.

60
Q

What is the pd of the neutral wire?

A

0 V

61
Q

What is the pd of the live wire?

A

230 V

62
Q

What is the pd of the earth wire?

A

0 V

63
Q

What is the national grid?

A

a system of cables and transformers linking power stations to consumers

64
Q

What is the potential difference of mains electricity?

A

230 V

65
Q

What is the frequency of mains electricity?

A

50 hertz

66
Q

What type of current is mains electricity

A

Alternating current (caused by an alternating potential difference)

67
Q

What is direct current (d.c.)?

A

Current flows in one direction around the circuit, due to a direct potential difference. It is supplied by cells and batteries

68
Q

What is alternating current (a.c.)?

A

Current changes (alternates) direction, due to a potential difference where the positive and negative ends alternate. It is supplied by mains electricity

69
Q

Why does the national grid transmit electricity at very high potential differences?

A

Less energy is lost, which makes it more efficient

70
Q

What happens at step-up transformers?

A

potential difference increased (current lowered)

71
Q

What happens at step-down transformers?

A

potential difference lowered (current increased)

72
Q

Why do we need step-down transformers?

A

Electricity has to be reduced to mains potential difference (230V) to be safe for use in homes

physics (10 decks)

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