particles (p1) Flashcards
What is the equation for density?
density = mass ÷ volume
What is the unit for mass?
kilograms, kg
What is the unit for volume?
metres cubed, m³
What is the unit for density?
kilograms per metres cubed, kg/m³
What is the definition of mass?
the amount of substance that something contains
What is the definition of volume?
the amount of 3D space that something takes up
What is the definition of density?
the mass per volume of an object
How can you find the volume of a regular object?
Measure the length, width, and height, using a ruler
Calculate the volume by multiplying the length, width, and height together
How can you find the density of a regular object?
Measure the mass of the object using a balance
Measure the volume using a ruler
Calculate the density using density = mass/volume
How can you find the volume of an irregular object?
Measure the volume of water in a measuring cyclinder
Put the irregular object in the water
Measure the increase in volume using the measuring cyclinder
Find the difference in volume, which is the volume of the object
How can you find the density of an irregular object?
Measure the mass of the object using a balance Measure the volume of water using displacement of water
Calculate the density using density = mass/volume
How can you find the density of a liquid?
Measure the mass using a balance
Measure the volume of the liquid, using the measuring cylinder
Calculate the density using density = mass/volume
Describe the particle arrangement of a solid.
Regular structure
Particles are vibrating in fixed positions
Describe the particle arrangement of a liquid.
Irregular structure
Particles are moving over each other and able to flow
Describe the particle arrangement of a gas.
Large gaps between particles
Particles are moving quickly in random directions
Name the state changes.
Freezing, melting, evaporating (boiling), condensing, sublimating
What is a physical change?
A change where the material recovers its original properties if the change is reversed
What is freezing?
Liquid to solid
What is melting?
Solid to liquid
What is boiling?
Liquid to gas
What is condensing?
Gas to liquid
What is sublimating?
Gas to solid or solid to gas
What is the unit for energy?
Joules, J
What is internal energy?
Energy stored inside a system by the particles (atoms and molecules) that make up the system
How we can find the total internal energy of a system?
Total internal energy = Kinetic energy of the particles + Potential energy of the particles
How does heating change the internal energy of a system?
It increases the internal energy
What is specific heat capacity?
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1ºC
What is the unit for specific heat capacity?
J/kgºC
What is specific latent heat?
the amount of energy required to change the state of 1 kg of the substance with no change in temperature
What is the unit for specific latent heat?
J/kg
What is the difference between specific heat capacity and specific latent heat?
Specific heat capacity relates to changes in 𝘁𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲
Specific latent heat relates to changes in 𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗲
Which state changes use the latent heat of fusion?
Melting and freezing (state changes between solids and liquids)
Which state changes use the latent heat of vaporisation?
Evaporating/boiling and condensing (state changes between liquids and gases)
What happens to the temperature of an object when it changes state?
The temperature of an object stays the same during a state change
What is the relationship between the temperature and pressure of a gas (at constant volume)?
Directly proportional: at a higher temperature a gas will exert a higher pressure
When a gas increases in temperature, how will the motion of the particles change?
particles will move faster
