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Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

In what type of wave (transverse or longitudinal) are the vibrations parallel to the direction of energy transfer?

A

longitudinal

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2
Q

_____ _______ = frequency × wavelength

A

wave speed

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3
Q

Wave speed = ___________ × wavelength

A

frequency

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4
Q

Wave speed = frequency × ____________

A

wavelength

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5
Q

Ralph and Peter are talking about sound waves. Ralph says that he thinks sound waves are transverse waves as they travel through the air. Peter says that he thinks sound waves are longitudinal waves. Who is right, Ralph or Peter?

A

peter

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6
Q

Which of the two types of wave used to image the human body transfer the most energy, X-rays or ultrasound?

A

X-rays

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7
Q

True or false? Light waves can be reflected but sound waves cannot.

A

false

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8
Q

The __________ of an ultrasound wave is the distance between one region of compression or rarefaction and the next.

A

wavelength

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9
Q

A ___________ is where the particles (or loops in a slinky) are further apart.

A

rarefaction

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10
Q

A rarefaction is where the _________ (or loops in a slinky) are further apart.

A

particles

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11
Q

A rarefaction is where the particles (or loops in a slinky) are _________ _____.

A

further apart

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12
Q

True or false? All waves transfer energy.

A

true

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13
Q

A ______________ is where the particles (or loops in a slinky) are closer together.

A

compression

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14
Q

A compression is where the _________ (or loops in a slinky) are closer together.

A

particles

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15
Q

A compression is where the particles (or loops in a slinky) are ______ _________.

A

closer together

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16
Q

The speed of a wave is equal to the frequency multiplied by… what?

A

wavelength

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17
Q

Which word is used to describe the distance between any point on one wave and the equivalent point on the next wave?

A

wavelength

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18
Q

___________ is the number of vibrations per second.

A

frequency

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19
Q

Frequency is the ________ __ ____________ per second.

A

number of vibrations

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20
Q

Frequency is the number of vibrations ___ ________.

A

per second

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21
Q

What word is used to describe the distance between a point on one wave and the same point on the next wave?

A

wavelength

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22
Q

The _________ of the wave is the maximum distance the particles move from their normal (or rest) position.

A

amplitude

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23
Q

Which word describes the maximum a point moves from its rest position when a wave passes?

A

amplitude

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24
Q

The more energy a sound wave carries, the louder the sound and the bigger its… what?

A

amplitude

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25
Q

What name is given to sections of longitudinal waves where the medium is “bunched up”?

A

compressions

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26
Q

When water ripples, are the water particles moving up and down or side to side?

A

up and down

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27
Q

What name is given to sections of longitudinal waves where the medium is “stretched out”?

A

rarefactions

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28
Q

The number of waves passing a point in a second is known as the… what?

A

frequency

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29
Q

True or false? In a water ripple, the wave speed is the speed that the water particles are moving.

A

false

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30
Q

A wave is bouncing off a boundary between two media so this is __________.

A

reflection

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31
Q

In what type of wave (transverse or longitudinal) are the vibrations perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer?

A

transverse

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32
Q

The __________ of an ultrasound wave is the number of waves that pass a particular point in one second.

A

frequency

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33
Q

The number of waves produced by a source each second is the wave’s… what?

A

frequency

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34
Q

When a tuning fork is struck, does a vacuum form around the fork where air has moved away?

A

no

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35
Q

What is the name of the units used for frequency?

A

hertz (Hz)

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36
Q

In the electromagnetic spectrum, does the wavelength of the waves become smaller or larger as the spectrum moves from 1 to 5?

A

larger

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37
Q

Does exposure to ionising radiation increase or decrease the rate of mutation?

A

increase

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38
Q

Which type of radio waves diffract the greatest?

A

long wave

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39
Q

Are electromagnetic waves longitudinal or transverse?

A

transverse waves

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40
Q

Short wave radio signals can be __________ back to Earth by the Earths ionosphere.

A

reflected

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41
Q

Name the spectrum of radiations that includes both microwaves and infrared radiation.

A

electromagnetic spectrum

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42
Q

True or false? Infrared radiation cannot travel through a vacuum.

A

false

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43
Q

True or false? X-rays and gamma rays are both ionising waves.

A

true

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44
Q

what is the correct order of waves in the electromagnetic spectrum from highest to lowest energy is:

A
  • gamma
  • x-rays
  • UV
  • visible light
  • infrared
  • microwaves
  • radio waves
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45
Q

what is a electromagnetic wave with a wavelength of 0.1mm?

A

infrared wave

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46
Q

What is the range of wavelengths for long wave radio signals?

A

1km to 10km

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47
Q

what wave in the electromagnetic spectrum has the shortest wavelength?

A

gamma rays

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48
Q

True or false? Overexposure to X-rays and ultraviolet waves can cause cancer.

A

true

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49
Q

Which of the following is a problem that can be caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation?

A
  • cancer
  • cataracts
  • burns
50
Q

The wavelength of radio waves is __________ __________ the wavelength of infrared waves.

A

longer than

51
Q

Which have the longer wavelength, radio waves or microwaves?

A

radio waves

52
Q

An object producing an alternating current of a known frequency will produce radio waves that are…

A

the same frequency as the electric current

53
Q

__________ radiation is the type of electromagnetic radiation that causes the skin to tan.

A

ultraviolet (UV)

54
Q

An object that oscillates to produce radio waves is called a __________.

A

transmitter

55
Q

Radio waves are produced by __________ in an electric circuit.

A

oscillations

56
Q

Increased levels of __________ __________ reaching Earth can lead to medical problems such as sunburn and skin cancer.

A

ultraviolet light (UV light)

57
Q

Are X-rays an example of ionising radiation?

A

yes

58
Q

what are the three types of ionising electromagnetic radiation?

A
  • ultraviolet light
  • X-rays
  • gamma rays
59
Q

True or false? Radio waves, microwaves and infrared are all examples of ionising radiation.

A

true

60
Q

Ultraviolet, beta particles and gamma rays are all types of __________ radiation.

A

ionising

61
Q

X-rays are part of the __________ spectrum.

A

electromagnetic

62
Q

In the electromagnetic spectrum, which shows a wave that might have a wavelength of 100m?

A

radio waves

63
Q

Which type of electromagnetic wave is used for transmitting mobile phone calls between cell towers?

A

microwaves

64
Q

In the electromagnetic spectrum, does the energy of the waves become smaller or larger as the spectrum moves from 1 to 5?

A

smaller

65
Q

What is the range of wavelengths for short wave radio signals?

A

10m to 100m

66
Q

True or false? The higher the frequency of an electromagnetic wave, the greater the danger associated with it.

A

true

67
Q

_____________ can heat up the cells inside your body just like they can heat up the cells in food inside a microwave oven.

A

microwaves

68
Q

Microwaves can _____ __ the cells inside your body just like they can heat up the cells in food inside a microwave oven.

A

heat up

69
Q

Microwaves can heat up the ____ _______ ____ _____ just like they can heat up the cells in food inside a microwave oven.

A

cells inside your body

70
Q

True or false? Electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum.

A

true

71
Q

why do we know that electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum?

A

because visible light from the sun can travel through the vacuum through space to earth

72
Q

X-rays and gamma rays are both part of the __________ spectrum.

A

electromagnetic

73
Q

Do electromagnetic waves transfer energy?

A

yes

74
Q

Radiation that is able to break apart the bonds between atoms is called __________ radiation.

A

ionising

75
Q

True or false? The speed of electromagnetic waves travelling through a vacuum varies depending on their wavelength.

A

false

76
Q

True or false? Exposure to ultraviolet radiation can cause premature aging of the skin.

A

true

77
Q

What name is given to the tendency for waves to spread out when they meet a gap in a barrier?

A

diffraction

78
Q

diffraction

A

tendency for waves to spread out when they meet a gap in a barrier

79
Q

True or false? Infrared and microwaves are both reflected by a shiny metal surface.

A

true

80
Q

An aerial absorbs a radio wave of a known frequency, this will induce an alternating current that is…

A

the same frequency as the radio wave

81
Q

True or false? Electromagnetic waves may be transverse or longitudinal.

A

false

82
Q

Which have the greater frequency, radio waves or microwaves?

A

microwaves

83
Q

Infrared radiation is part of a “family” of waves that also includes visible light and radio waves. What name is given to this “family”? Give the full name, not the abbreviation.

A

electromagnetic spectrum

84
Q

The wavelength of X-rays is __________ __________ the wavelength of visible light.

A

shorter than

85
Q

Sunscreen protects your skin from what type of electromagnetic radiation?

A

ultraviolet radiation

86
Q

___________ protects your skin from ultraviolet radiation by absorbing it.

A

sunscreen

87
Q

Sunscreen protects your ____ from ultraviolet radiation by absorbing it.

A

skin

88
Q

Sunscreen protects your skin from ultraviolet radiation by ___________ __.

A

absorbing it

89
Q

True or false? Infrared and microwaves can both cause burns.

A

true

90
Q

Anne is pregnant and goes to hospital for a scan. What method would you suggest should be used to view the foetus?

A

ultrasound

91
Q

Bob and Tracey are going on holiday with their parents. At the airport their bags are scanned as part of the security procedures. Which type of electromagnetic wave is used to scan their bags?

A

X-ray

92
Q

The ________ the Sun Protection Factor (SPF), the longer the sunscreen will protect you for.

A

higher

93
Q

The higher the Sun Protection Factor (SPF), the ________ the sunscreen will protect you for.

A

longer

94
Q

Infrared radiation is useful in cooking. Which of these appliances does NOT use infrared radiation?

A

microwave

95
Q

Which type of electromagnetic wave is used in photography?

A

visible light

96
Q

Which of the following options best explains why ultrasound rather than X-rays are used to check the development of a foetus in the uterus?

A

ultrasound is safer because the waves have less energy and don’t damage cells

97
Q

Which type of electromagnetic radiation used in cooking is absorbed only by water or fat particles in the outer layers of the food?

A

microwaves

98
Q

Which type of electromagnetic wave is NOT used to cook food?

A

ultraviolet

99
Q

A __________ __________ camera detects infrared radiation and uses this information to create a picture.

A

thermal imaging

100
Q

Which type of electromagnetic wave is used in TV remote controls?

A

infrared

101
Q

Which of the following is NOT an everyday use of infrared radiation?

A

digital radio

102
Q

Apart from ultrasound, what is the other type of wave that can be used to look inside the human body?

A

X-rays

103
Q

Which medical technique would be the best to use to kill cancer cells?

A

X-rays

104
Q

Which of the two kinds of electromagnetic wave used in cooking has the higher frequency?

A

infrared

105
Q

True or false? One disadvantage of ultrasound compared with X-rays is that ultrasound is very noisy.

A

false

106
Q

True or false? We use electromagnetic radiation in order to communicate with satellites.

A

true

107
Q

Which type of electromagnetic wave is used to transmit TV and radio programmes?

A

radio waves

108
Q

When waves slow down they change direction. What name is given to this behaviour?

A

refraction

109
Q

Samir is watching waves hit a beach. He notices that as the waves get closer to the shore (where the water is shallow), they change direction. Which type of wave effect is he seeing?

A

refraction

110
Q

What happens to the wave speed of light as it passes from air into a glass block?

A

decreases

111
Q

When light speeds up as it passes from one medium to another, the angle of incidence is __________ __________ the angle of refraction.

A

smaller than

112
Q

What is the scientific name for the change of direction that happens when light crosses the boundary between two different media?

A

refraction

113
Q

When light enters a glass block from air, the light bends _______ the normal.

A

towards

114
Q

A ray of light is travelling from air into a perspex block. The ray will bend __________ the normal as it enters the block.

A

towards

115
Q

True or false? Radiation used for communication can be reflected and refracted.

A

true

116
Q

If a light ray passes from glass into air, what will happen to its speed?

A

it will speed up

117
Q

What happens to the wave speed of light as it passes from air into a glass block?

A

decreases

118
Q

Tammi wanted to calculate the refractive index for glass. She set up a ray box so that the angle of incidence in a block of glass was 95°. Will this set-up allow her to calculate the refractive index?

A

no

119
Q

When waves slow down they change direction. What name is given to this behaviour?

A

refraction

120
Q

Light bends as it enters a glass block. Which type of wave behaviour is this?

A

refraction

Physics (7 decks)

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