Waves Flashcards
In what type of wave (transverse or longitudinal) are the vibrations parallel to the direction of energy transfer?
longitudinal
_____ _______ = frequency × wavelength
wave speed
Wave speed = ___________ × wavelength
frequency
Wave speed = frequency × ____________
wavelength
Ralph and Peter are talking about sound waves. Ralph says that he thinks sound waves are transverse waves as they travel through the air. Peter says that he thinks sound waves are longitudinal waves. Who is right, Ralph or Peter?
peter
Which of the two types of wave used to image the human body transfer the most energy, X-rays or ultrasound?
X-rays
True or false? Light waves can be reflected but sound waves cannot.
false
The __________ of an ultrasound wave is the distance between one region of compression or rarefaction and the next.
wavelength
A ___________ is where the particles (or loops in a slinky) are further apart.
rarefaction
A rarefaction is where the _________ (or loops in a slinky) are further apart.
particles
A rarefaction is where the particles (or loops in a slinky) are _________ _____.
further apart
True or false? All waves transfer energy.
true
A ______________ is where the particles (or loops in a slinky) are closer together.
compression
A compression is where the _________ (or loops in a slinky) are closer together.
particles
A compression is where the particles (or loops in a slinky) are ______ _________.
closer together
The speed of a wave is equal to the frequency multiplied by… what?
wavelength
Which word is used to describe the distance between any point on one wave and the equivalent point on the next wave?
wavelength
___________ is the number of vibrations per second.
frequency
Frequency is the ________ __ ____________ per second.
number of vibrations
Frequency is the number of vibrations ___ ________.
per second
What word is used to describe the distance between a point on one wave and the same point on the next wave?
wavelength
The _________ of the wave is the maximum distance the particles move from their normal (or rest) position.
amplitude
Which word describes the maximum a point moves from its rest position when a wave passes?
amplitude
The more energy a sound wave carries, the louder the sound and the bigger its… what?
amplitude
What name is given to sections of longitudinal waves where the medium is “bunched up”?
compressions
When water ripples, are the water particles moving up and down or side to side?
up and down
What name is given to sections of longitudinal waves where the medium is “stretched out”?
rarefactions
The number of waves passing a point in a second is known as the… what?
frequency
True or false? In a water ripple, the wave speed is the speed that the water particles are moving.
false
A wave is bouncing off a boundary between two media so this is __________.
reflection
In what type of wave (transverse or longitudinal) are the vibrations perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer?
transverse
The __________ of an ultrasound wave is the number of waves that pass a particular point in one second.
frequency
The number of waves produced by a source each second is the wave’s… what?
frequency
When a tuning fork is struck, does a vacuum form around the fork where air has moved away?
no
What is the name of the units used for frequency?
hertz (Hz)
In the electromagnetic spectrum, does the wavelength of the waves become smaller or larger as the spectrum moves from 1 to 5?
larger
Does exposure to ionising radiation increase or decrease the rate of mutation?
increase
Which type of radio waves diffract the greatest?
long wave
Are electromagnetic waves longitudinal or transverse?
transverse waves
Short wave radio signals can be __________ back to Earth by the Earths ionosphere.
reflected
Name the spectrum of radiations that includes both microwaves and infrared radiation.
electromagnetic spectrum
True or false? Infrared radiation cannot travel through a vacuum.
false
True or false? X-rays and gamma rays are both ionising waves.
true
what is the correct order of waves in the electromagnetic spectrum from highest to lowest energy is:
- gamma
- x-rays
- UV
- visible light
- infrared
- microwaves
- radio waves
what is a electromagnetic wave with a wavelength of 0.1mm?
infrared wave
What is the range of wavelengths for long wave radio signals?
1km to 10km
what wave in the electromagnetic spectrum has the shortest wavelength?
gamma rays
True or false? Overexposure to X-rays and ultraviolet waves can cause cancer.
true
Which of the following is a problem that can be caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation?
- cancer
- cataracts
- burns
The wavelength of radio waves is __________ __________ the wavelength of infrared waves.
longer than
Which have the longer wavelength, radio waves or microwaves?
radio waves
An object producing an alternating current of a known frequency will produce radio waves that are…
the same frequency as the electric current
__________ radiation is the type of electromagnetic radiation that causes the skin to tan.
ultraviolet (UV)
An object that oscillates to produce radio waves is called a __________.
transmitter
Radio waves are produced by __________ in an electric circuit.
oscillations
Increased levels of __________ __________ reaching Earth can lead to medical problems such as sunburn and skin cancer.
ultraviolet light (UV light)
Are X-rays an example of ionising radiation?
yes
what are the three types of ionising electromagnetic radiation?
- ultraviolet light
- X-rays
- gamma rays
True or false? Radio waves, microwaves and infrared are all examples of ionising radiation.
true
Ultraviolet, beta particles and gamma rays are all types of __________ radiation.
ionising
X-rays are part of the __________ spectrum.
electromagnetic
In the electromagnetic spectrum, which shows a wave that might have a wavelength of 100m?
radio waves
Which type of electromagnetic wave is used for transmitting mobile phone calls between cell towers?
microwaves
In the electromagnetic spectrum, does the energy of the waves become smaller or larger as the spectrum moves from 1 to 5?
smaller
What is the range of wavelengths for short wave radio signals?
10m to 100m
True or false? The higher the frequency of an electromagnetic wave, the greater the danger associated with it.
true
_____________ can heat up the cells inside your body just like they can heat up the cells in food inside a microwave oven.
microwaves
Microwaves can _____ __ the cells inside your body just like they can heat up the cells in food inside a microwave oven.
heat up
Microwaves can heat up the ____ _______ ____ _____ just like they can heat up the cells in food inside a microwave oven.
cells inside your body
True or false? Electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum.
true
why do we know that electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum?
because visible light from the sun can travel through the vacuum through space to earth
X-rays and gamma rays are both part of the __________ spectrum.
electromagnetic
Do electromagnetic waves transfer energy?
yes
Radiation that is able to break apart the bonds between atoms is called __________ radiation.
ionising
True or false? The speed of electromagnetic waves travelling through a vacuum varies depending on their wavelength.
false
True or false? Exposure to ultraviolet radiation can cause premature aging of the skin.
true
What name is given to the tendency for waves to spread out when they meet a gap in a barrier?
diffraction
diffraction
tendency for waves to spread out when they meet a gap in a barrier
True or false? Infrared and microwaves are both reflected by a shiny metal surface.
true
An aerial absorbs a radio wave of a known frequency, this will induce an alternating current that is…
the same frequency as the radio wave
True or false? Electromagnetic waves may be transverse or longitudinal.
false
Which have the greater frequency, radio waves or microwaves?
microwaves
Infrared radiation is part of a “family” of waves that also includes visible light and radio waves. What name is given to this “family”? Give the full name, not the abbreviation.
electromagnetic spectrum
The wavelength of X-rays is __________ __________ the wavelength of visible light.
shorter than
Sunscreen protects your skin from what type of electromagnetic radiation?
ultraviolet radiation
___________ protects your skin from ultraviolet radiation by absorbing it.
sunscreen
Sunscreen protects your ____ from ultraviolet radiation by absorbing it.
skin
Sunscreen protects your skin from ultraviolet radiation by ___________ __.
absorbing it
True or false? Infrared and microwaves can both cause burns.
true
Anne is pregnant and goes to hospital for a scan. What method would you suggest should be used to view the foetus?
ultrasound
Bob and Tracey are going on holiday with their parents. At the airport their bags are scanned as part of the security procedures. Which type of electromagnetic wave is used to scan their bags?
X-ray
The ________ the Sun Protection Factor (SPF), the longer the sunscreen will protect you for.
higher
The higher the Sun Protection Factor (SPF), the ________ the sunscreen will protect you for.
longer
Infrared radiation is useful in cooking. Which of these appliances does NOT use infrared radiation?
microwave
Which type of electromagnetic wave is used in photography?
visible light
Which of the following options best explains why ultrasound rather than X-rays are used to check the development of a foetus in the uterus?
ultrasound is safer because the waves have less energy and don’t damage cells
Which type of electromagnetic radiation used in cooking is absorbed only by water or fat particles in the outer layers of the food?
microwaves
Which type of electromagnetic wave is NOT used to cook food?
ultraviolet
A __________ __________ camera detects infrared radiation and uses this information to create a picture.
thermal imaging
Which type of electromagnetic wave is used in TV remote controls?
infrared
Which of the following is NOT an everyday use of infrared radiation?
digital radio
Apart from ultrasound, what is the other type of wave that can be used to look inside the human body?
X-rays
Which medical technique would be the best to use to kill cancer cells?
X-rays
Which of the two kinds of electromagnetic wave used in cooking has the higher frequency?
infrared
True or false? One disadvantage of ultrasound compared with X-rays is that ultrasound is very noisy.
false
True or false? We use electromagnetic radiation in order to communicate with satellites.
true
Which type of electromagnetic wave is used to transmit TV and radio programmes?
radio waves
When waves slow down they change direction. What name is given to this behaviour?
refraction
Samir is watching waves hit a beach. He notices that as the waves get closer to the shore (where the water is shallow), they change direction. Which type of wave effect is he seeing?
refraction
What happens to the wave speed of light as it passes from air into a glass block?
decreases
When light speeds up as it passes from one medium to another, the angle of incidence is __________ __________ the angle of refraction.
smaller than
What is the scientific name for the change of direction that happens when light crosses the boundary between two different media?
refraction
When light enters a glass block from air, the light bends _______ the normal.
towards
A ray of light is travelling from air into a perspex block. The ray will bend __________ the normal as it enters the block.
towards
True or false? Radiation used for communication can be reflected and refracted.
true
If a light ray passes from glass into air, what will happen to its speed?
it will speed up
What happens to the wave speed of light as it passes from air into a glass block?
decreases
Tammi wanted to calculate the refractive index for glass. She set up a ray box so that the angle of incidence in a block of glass was 95°. Will this set-up allow her to calculate the refractive index?
no
When waves slow down they change direction. What name is given to this behaviour?
refraction
Light bends as it enters a glass block. Which type of wave behaviour is this?
refraction
