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Physics > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

A meteorite enters the Earth’s atmosphere and burns up before reaching the Earth itself. The meteorites’ kinetic energy store is transferred to the __________ store of the surroundings.

A

thermal

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2
Q

Kinetic energy = ___ × mass × speed²

A

1/2

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3
Q

Kinetic energy = 1/2 × mass × ______

A

speed²

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4
Q

_______ _______ = 1/2 × mass × speed²

A

kinetic energy

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5
Q

True or false? A system must contain more than one object.

A

false

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6
Q

A _______ is an object or a group of objects.

A

system

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7
Q

A system is an _______ or a group of _______s.

A

object

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8
Q

A system is an object or a _______ of objects.

A

group

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9
Q

When an object is in a gravitational field, it has energy in its __________ __________ energy store.

A

gravitational potential

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10
Q

When an object is raised to a height, it has __________ __________ energy stored.

A

gravitational potential

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11
Q

Most meteorites that enter the Earth’s atmosphere burn up before they reach the Earth itself. When this happens, which of the meteorites’ energy stores decreases?

A

kinetic energy

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12
Q

What units are used for gravitational potential energy?

A

joules

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13
Q

In the equation for elastic potential energy below, what is represented by the symbol k?

Ee = ½ke²

A

spring constant

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14
Q

Elastic potential energy = ½ × ______ ________ × (extension)²

A

spring constant

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15
Q

Elastic potential energy = ½ × spring constant × ____________

A

(extension)²

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16
Q

Elastic potential energy = _ × spring constant × (extension)²

A

½

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17
Q

______ _________ _______ = ½ × spring constant × (extension)²

A

Elastic potential energy

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18
Q

What is the unit of measurement for energy?

A

joules

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19
Q

As the speed of an object increases, the __________ energy of the object increases.

A

kinetic

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20
Q

_____________ __________ _______ = mass × gravitational field strength × change in height

A

Gravitational potential energy

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21
Q

Gravitational potential energy = _____ × gravitational field strength × change in height

A

mass

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22
Q

Gravitational potential energy = mass × _____________ _______ _________ × change in height

A

gravitational field strength

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23
Q

Gravitational potential energy = mass × gravitational field strength × ______ __ _______

A

change in height

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24
Q

The kinetic energy of an object depends upon its speed and its… what?

A

mass

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25
Q

When a car is driving, some of the __________ energy stored by the fuel is transferred to the kinetic energy of the car.

A

chemical

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26
Q

A battery stores __________ energy.

A

chemical

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27
Q

A battery powered lamp transfers energy to the thermal store of the surroundings by heating. What energy store of the battery decreases as the thermal store of the surroundings increases?

A

chemical energy

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28
Q

A catapult uses a material that can be stretched to propel an object. When the object is released, the catapults’ _________ _________ energy store decreases and energy is transferred to the kinetic energy store of the object.

A

elastic potential

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29
Q

Apart from height above ground, what other quantity affects how much gravitational potential energy an object on Earth has stored?

A

mass

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30
Q

How does increasing the speed of a motorbike change the amount of energy in its kinetic energy store?

A

increases it

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31
Q

True or false? If the speed of an object doubles, its kinetic energy will also double.

A

false

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32
Q

What unit is used to measure energy when calculating specific heat capacity?

A

joules

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33
Q

Specific heat capacity of a material is the energy needed to raise ___ of a material by 1°C.

A

1kg

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34
Q

Specific heat capacity of a material is the energy needed to raise 1 kg of a material by _°C.

A

1

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35
Q

change in thermal energy = mass of water × specific heat capacity of water × ______________ ________

A

temperature change

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36
Q

change in thermal energy = mass of water × ________ _____ __________ __ ______ × temperature change

A

specific heat capacity of water

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37
Q

change in thermal energy = _____ __ _____ × specific heat capacity of water × temperature change

A

mass of water

38
Q

_______ __ ________ _________ = mass of water × specific heat capacity of water × temperature change

A

change in thermal energy

39
Q

The smaller the temperature difference between an object and its surroundings, the ______ the temperature will change.

A

slower

40
Q

The ________ the temperature difference between an object and its surroundings, the slower the temperature will change.

A

smaller

41
Q

When an object is raised vertically, work is done against __________.

A

gravity

42
Q

_____ _____ = force × distance

A

work done

43
Q

Work done = _____ × distance

A

force

44
Q

Work done = force × _________

A

distance

45
Q

The amount of energy transferred per unit time by an electrical appliance is measured in what?

A

watts or kilowatts

46
Q

What name is given to the amount of work done in a given time?

A

power

47
Q

What is the name for the amount of energy transferred every second by an electrical appliance?

A

power

48
Q

______ = energy transferred / time

A

power

49
Q

power = _______ ___________ / time

A

energy transferred

50
Q

power = energy transferred / ____

A

time

51
Q

The total amount of energy transferred by an appliance depends on power and __________

A

time

52
Q

Samuel pushes against a door with a force of 10N, but the door doesn’t move. Has Samuel done work on the door?

A

no (object hasn’t moved)

53
Q

When stated as a percentage, the useful energy transferred by a device divided by the total energy supplied to the device is known as the device’s __________

A

efficiency

54
Q

True or false? When two objects are touching, the material the surface is made from does not effect the rate at which the object transfers energy by heating.

A

false

55
Q

__________ = (useful energy output / total energy input) × 100

A

efficiency

56
Q

Efficiency = (________ _________ _______ / total energy input) × 100

A

useful energy output

57
Q

Efficiency = (useful energy output / ____ _______ _____) × 100

A

total energy input

58
Q

Efficiency = (useful energy output / total energy input) × ___

A

100

59
Q

Thermal insulation and lubrication are two ways to reduce unwanted __________ transfers.

A

energy or heat

60
Q

When electric currents are used to transfer energy, the energy is transferred ___________

A

electrically

61
Q

When ________ ________ are used to transfer energy, the energy is transferred electrically

A

electric current

62
Q

Energy can never be created or destroyed. True or false?

A

true

63
Q

It is hot outside, and the air conditioning has been turned on inside two buildings. Building A’s walls contain insulation, but Building B’s do not. Which building is more likely to cool faster?

A

building A

64
Q

What name is given to a material that does NOT conduct thermal energy well?

A

insulator

65
Q

A material that does not conduct electricity is called an __________

A

insulator

66
Q

Material A has a higher thermal conductivity than Material B. Which material will transfer energy by conduction faster?

A

material A

67
Q

Nuclear power stations use the nuclear energy stored in nuclear fuel to increase the temperature of water. Which of the water’s energy stores increases?

A

thermal

68
Q

Energy can never be stored. True or false?

A

false

69
Q

Filament bulbs dissipate energy to the __________ energy store the surroundings because they get very hot.

A

thermal

70
Q

A particular solid is an excellent conductor of thermal energy. Is it more likely to be a metal or a non-metal?

A

metal

71
Q

Certain specialised devices can be more than 100% efficient. True or false?

A

false

72
Q

Suggest a form of renewable energy that could be used to power an electric ticket machine that only needs to work during daylight hours.

A

solar

73
Q

What name is given to the method of electricity generation that uses hot rocks inside the Earth to produce steam and drive a turbine?

A

geothermal

74
Q

True or false? One of the advantages of nuclear power is that once the nuclear fuel has been used, its waste is no longer radioactive.

A

false

75
Q

True or false? The ultimate source of the electricity produced by a wind turbine is the Sun.

A

true

76
Q

Are the running costs of wind turbines generally high or low?

A

low

77
Q

True or false? Fossil fuels are a renewable energy resource because they are formed from living things.

A

false

78
Q

True or false? One disadvantage of wave power is that it pollutes the sea.

A

false

79
Q

Name a fossil fuel that formed from plant material over millions of years.

A

coal

80
Q

True or false? Wind is a renewable energy source.

A

true

81
Q

Fossil fuels are formed gradually over __________ of years.

A

millions

82
Q

Tidal barrages are a reliable way to produce electricity at predictable times. True or false?

A

false

83
Q

Hydroelectric and wave power both use the movement of water to drive a turbine and produce electricity. Name one other way of generating electricity that uses the movement of water.

A

tidal

84
Q

Tidal barrages are beneficial to local wildlife. True or false?

A

false

85
Q

Do wind turbines produce a constant supply of electricity?

A

no

86
Q

People living near wind farms sometimes object to them because of visual pollution and what other form of pollution?

A

noise

87
Q

What name is given to a fuel made from living organisms (such as wood) or their waste?

A

biofuel

88
Q

Do wind turbines contribute to climate change as they generate electricity?

A

no

89
Q

What standard units are used for power?

A

watts

90
Q

The total amount of energy transferred by an appliance depends on power and __________.

A

time

91
Q

What is a closed system?

A

system where no energy can be transferred to or from the surroundings - the total energy in the system is the same

92
Q

What is a system?

A

an object or group of objects

Physics (7 decks)

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