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Physics > Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Atomic Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Which subatomic particle was discovered next after the electron?

A

proton

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2
Q

Can electromagnetic radiation affect the electron arrangement of an atom?

A

yes

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3
Q

What idea did Niels Bohr contribute to the nuclear model of the atom?

A

electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances

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4
Q

What name is given to atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons?

A

isotopes

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5
Q

Which metal is used for containers that store radioactive sources?

A

lead

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6
Q

James Chadwick discovered evidence of what part of an atom?

A

neutron

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7
Q

True or false? Most of an atom is empty space.

A

true

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8
Q

In the plum pudding model of the atom, what subatomic particle is the equivalent of a raisin in a plum pudding?

A

electron

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9
Q

If an atom absorbs electromagnetic radiation, its electrons can move to a __________ energy level. Which word completes the sentence?

A

higher

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10
Q

Atoms form ions by transferring which type of atomic particle?

A

electrons

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11
Q

The discovery of the electron disproved the idea that atoms were tiny spheres that couldn’t be… what?

A

divided

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12
Q

When did James Chadwick discover evidence to show the existence of the neutron?

A

1932

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13
Q

Name the particle that an atom can lose or gain in order to form a charged ion.

A

electron

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14
Q

What is the overall electrical charge of an atom with an equal number of protons and electrons?

A

0

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15
Q

Will two different isotopes of the same element have the same mass number?

A

no

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16
Q

Think of Rutherford’s experiment. Most alpha particles passed straight through, but a few were repelled so strongly that they were bounced back or deflected at large angles. This led Rutherford to conclude that the charge of the nucleus of an atom must be… what?

A

positively charged

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17
Q

If an atom emits electromagnetic radiation, its electrons can move to a __________ energy level.

A

lower

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18
Q

The discovery of which subatomic particle led to the plum pudding model of the atom?

A

electron

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19
Q

In an atom, the number of protons is always equal to the number of… what?

A

electrons

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20
Q

Will two different isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number?

A

yes

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21
Q

In an atom the number of electrons is always equal to the number of __________.

A

protons

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22
Q

True or false? In the plum pudding model of the atom, the atom is a ball of positive charge with electrons surrounding it.

A

false

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23
Q

True or false? It is not possible to predict when a particular atom of a radioactive substance will undergo decay.

A

true

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24
Q

Name the type of radiation given out by radioactive substances that is the most ionising.

A

alpha

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25
Q

What is the name given to an isotope if its nucleus is unstable?

A

radioactive

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26
Q

Name the type of nuclear radiation that is used in smoke alarms.

A

alpha

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27
Q

What is the charge on an alpha particle?

A

2

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28
Q

An alpha particle has the same structure as the nucleus of which element?

A

helium

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29
Q

The activity of a radioactive isotope decreases over time. The time it takes to decay depends on its __________-life.

A

half

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30
Q

True or false? Gamma radiation can be deflected.

A

false

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31
Q

True or false? All isotopes are radioactive.

A

false

32
Q

Name the type of radiation that has the greatest range in air.

A

gamma

33
Q

Gamma radiation is a type of __________ radiation of a very high frequency.

A

electromagnetic

34
Q

Which type of ionising radiation has no charge?

A

gamma

35
Q

Which type of ionising radiation is the most dangerous if swallowed?

A

alpha

36
Q

What name is given to the time taken for half of the radioactive nuclei in a sample to decay?

A

half-life

37
Q

Name the radiation emitted from radioactive materials that is a high-energy electromagnetic wave.

A

gamma

38
Q

A Geiger-Muller (GM) tube can be used to detect ionising radiation. How many alpha particles entering the GM tube are needed to make the counter advance by on?

A

1

39
Q

Gamma ray radiation consists of high energy __________ waves.

A

electromagnetic

40
Q

Beta radiation consists of what type of sub-atomic particle?

A

electrons

41
Q

How many neutrons does an alpha particle contain?

A

2

42
Q

What unit of radioactivity is being described here? “The activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per second.”

A

becquerel

43
Q

True or false? 10 g of a radioactive isotope has an activity of 15 Bq. Therefore it can be predicted that 20 g of the same isotope will have an activity of 30 Bq.

A

true

44
Q

How many electrons does an alpha particle contain?

A

0

45
Q

Name the radiation emitted from radioactive materials that consists of high speed helium nuclei.

A

alpha

46
Q

True or false? Beta particles come from the electron shells surrounding a radioactive nucleus.

A

false

47
Q

An underground pipe is suspected to contain a blockage. A radioactive tracer is put into the pipe to assess the situation. Which of the following best explains why a tracer that gives off gamma radiation should be chosen?

A

gamma radiation can pass through the pipe and ground to reach the detector

48
Q

Beta particle radiation consists of high speed __________.

A

electrons

49
Q

Gamma rays are given out from the __________ of radioactive atoms.

A

nuclei

50
Q

Which type of radiation emitted by radioactive atoms has the least ionising power?

A

gamma

51
Q

Which is the most dangerous radiation at a distance?

A

gamma

52
Q

Ionising radiation is emitted all the time by __________ sources.

A

radioactive

53
Q

Name the type of radiation that can travel only a few centimetres through the air.

A

alpha

54
Q

True or false? If an alpha particle transfers sufficient energy to an atom, that atom may eject an electron and become a positively charged ion.

A

true

55
Q

Name the radiation emitted from radioactive materials that consists of high speed electrons.

A

beta

56
Q

There are three main types of radiation emitted by radioactive atoms: alpha, beta and… what?

A

gamma

57
Q

What name is given to the process by which radioactive atoms break down and change into a different type of atom?

A

radioactive

58
Q

How many protons does an alpha particle contain?

A

2

59
Q

Should radioactive tracers used for medical diagnosis have a short or a long half-life?

A

short

60
Q

An underground pipe is suspected to contain a blockage. A radioactive tracer is put into the pipe to assess the situation. What type of radiation will be given off by this tracer?

A

gamma

61
Q

Substances that give out radiation from the nuclei of their atoms all the time are said to be… what?

A

radioactive

62
Q

It is important for the findings of studies into the effects of radiation on humans to be shared with other scientists so that the findings can be checked by peer __________.

A

review

63
Q

True or false? Gamma irradiation of food causes some of the atoms in the food to become radioactive.

A

false

64
Q

If humans are exposed to radiation, this can cause a change in their DNA base sequence. What is the term given to this?

A

mutation

65
Q

What happens to a person’s risk of cancer as the amount of time they are exposed to radiation increases?

A

it increases

66
Q

Radioactive sources for use in school experiments are always stored in a container lined with which metal?

A

lead

67
Q

What is it called when an unwanted material that contains radioactive atoms is present on another material?

A

radioactive contamination

68
Q

Which type of ionising radiation is most penetrating?

A

gamma

69
Q

Sam says that beta particles are not used to irradiate food because they make it radioactive. Jo says that the reason is that beta particles would not be able to penetrate all the way through thick packages of food. Who is correct, Sam or Jo?

A

Jo

70
Q

True or false? Radioactive sources should never be touched by hand.

A

true

71
Q

What is the name of the medical condition humans can get that involves uncontrolled cell division if they are exposed to too much ionising radiation over a period of time?

A

cancer

72
Q

True or false? When an object is exposed to nuclear radiation, the irradiated object does not become radioactive.

A

true

73
Q

True or false? It is safe to handle sources of alpha particles with bare hands as the radiation only travels a few mm in air.

A

false

74
Q

What is the name of the process where an object is exposed to nuclear radiation?

A

irradiation

75
Q

What piece of equipment should be used to handle radioactive sources?

A

tongs

Physics (7 decks)

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