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APES > Water Test > Flashcards

Water Test Flashcards

0
Q

Groundwater

A

The water that fills the pour spaces between sediment. Most of our freshwate

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1
Q

Hydrologic Cycle

A 
A continuous water cycle, evaporates, cloud, rain, evaporates
Four processes-
1- evaporation/transpiration
2-condensation
3-precipitation
4- gravitational flow
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2
Q

Surface Water

A

The water found on the surface (lakes, streams,rivers, etc.)

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3
Q

B.O.D

Biological Oxygen demand

A

Amount of dissolved oxygen need by aerobic decomposes to breakdown organic matter in a given volume of water in a specific time and temp.

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4
Q

Eutrophication

A

Physical, chemical, or biological changes that occurs as a result of Natural nutrients found in water
Ex: plant runoff

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5
Q

Potable

A

Water Suitable for drinking

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6
Q

Vadose Zone

A

A subsurface zone of soil containing water under different pressure than the atmosphere. Pores are filled with WATER and AIR

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7
Q

Aquifer

A

An underground formation/ well containing groundwater.

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8
Q

Runoff

A

Rainfall or snowmelt that has not had time to evaporate or move into groundwater. It flows on the surface

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9
Q

Coliform treatment

A

Found in fecies

Filter,heat, introduce bacteria that feeds on fecal matter

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10
Q

Primary treatment

A

Removal of large solids, grits, and oils from waste water

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11
Q

Domestic Water use

A

70% is used by farmers
25% industrial use

Home use- toilets, bathing, laundry, dishes, drinking

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12
Q

Perennial System

A

A stream that flows all year

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13
Q

Ephemeral stream

A

A stream that doesn’t flow all year. Seasonal flow

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14
Q

Thermal Pollution

A

Non chemical water pollution that occurs as a result of human activities. Changes the water temperature.

Ex- water is removed, heated (industry) and returned

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15
Q

Point source

A

A single identifiable source of pollution

Ex- smokestacks, drainage pipes

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16
Q

Secondary treatment

A

Introduced bacteria decomposes 90% of oxygen demanding organic waste

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17
Q

Indirect water reuse

A

A planed effort/ endeavor

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18
Q

Desalinization

A

The removal of salts from water so that the water could be used for agriculture, industry, or human consumption.

19
Q

Salinization

A

As water evaporated, it is pulled from lower to upper parts of the soil carrying salts with it. As water evaporates, salt is left on the soil surface.

20
Q

Watershed

A

An area in which all runoff and water flow drain into the same area (lake)

21
Q

Non-point source

A

Pollution that comes from many different sources

Ex- farm and golf runoff

22
Q

Septic system

A

Self contained water treatment system. Treats household water on site.

23
Q

Confined aquifer

A

A groundwater storage area between two impermeable layers of rock. Impedes water flow

24
Q

Special properties of water

A

Surface Tension- cohesion of water molecules
Excellent solvent- polar molecules
Capillary Action- pulls itself up narrow tubes or through soil particles
Ice Floats- life can live under (freeze from top down)

25
Q

Water statistics

A

71% earths surface
96.5% in oceans
<1% available to drink
Person- 575 liters per day (150 gallons)

26
Q

Hydrologic cycle

A 
Evaporation
      |
Condensation (cloud)
      |
Precipitation (rain)
      |
Body of Water/ plants--------transpiration (evap through pores)
      |
Evaporation
27
Q

Is groundwater renewable resource

A

Groundwater takes an extended period of time to recharge. It is usually being depleted faster than it is replaced. however is is renewable over time.

28
Q

Is desalinization a viable alternative

A

As of now, desalinization would cost far too much money. However, as the groundwater availability decreases, desalinization may be required to sustain human life.

29
Q

Sustainable water use plan for the Front Range

A
  • Use return and reuse water
  • share water resources
  • expand and enhance water storage
  • limit water use for irrigation and other less important things
30
Q

Functions of dams and canals

A

Dams- makes a resivor of water often used for drinking, restricts water flow (and water usage) downstream
–temporary–water evaporates much quicker when damned

Canals- a path for water and boats and animals to flow through,

31
Q

What is channelization

A

Increases the flow of rivers by creating strait paths.. Reduces friction with particles. This eliminates or greatly reduces the chances of flooding.

Bad: water drains from land faster, deeper Chanel’s, reduced vegetation along steeam

32
Q

Why do we urbanize on flood planes why is this bad.

A

Flood planes- flat building land
Bad- greater urbanization results in increases impervious area. Reduces absorption into ground. Greater runoff = flooding

33
Q

What are the functions of wetlands? How have we misused them

A

Purpose- prevent flooding by retaining water. Filters and purifying water. Regulates the flow of water. Vegetation helps feed fish and other river animals. Erosion control

Misuses- draining wetlands, polluting wetland, damning wetlands

34
Q 
Case studies
Colorado River
Aral Sea
3 gorges dam
California water plant
A

Colorado River- dammed and irrigated (flood control, agriculture watering, power, drinking water. 7 states use water from river

Aral Sea- lost 80% of its water in 45 years. Rivers leading into it were used for Cotten field irrigation. Lose of 60,000 fishing jobs, pesticide dust blown around

3 gorges dam- provides power, available water cost a lot of money, flooding cities and homes, drowning farmland and wetlands

CA water plant- use dams and pipes to transport water from north to south for people and agriculture

35
Q

Domestic water pollution
Agricultural water pollution
Industrial water pollution

A

Domestic- humans waste, excessive water consumption
Agricultural- fertilize, fecal runoff, excess of nutrients in water
Industrial- heated water returned, chemicals introduced into water

36
Q

What is B.O.D how it impacts water. Vs Do

A

Amount of dissolved oxygen need by aerobic decomposes to breakdown organic matter in a given volume of water in a specific time and temp.

DO- Amount of O2 a water source uses over time.
High BOD–> more pollution, mor microbes decomposing

37
Q

Surface water pollution
Vs
Ground water pollution

A

Surface- bacteria, microorganisms, municipal sewage, industrial discharge, rainwater runoff, accidents, not much chemical (dilution).

Groundwater- pesticides, nitric material, chemicals, natural chemical

38
Q

Four steps of water treatment

A

Primary- Removal of large solids, grits, and oils from waste water
Secondary- Introduced bacteria decomposes 90% of oxygen demanding organic waste
Advanced- specialized chemical and physical treatment to reduce the amount of specific pollutants
Chlorine- use of chlorine chemicals to eliminate harmful material

39
Q

Three ways waste water can be reused. Indicated by purple pipes.

A

Agricultural water usage
Industrial water usage (concrete, dust control)
Landscape (public and private, parks)

40
Q 
Hurricane Floyd 1999
Exxon Valdez 1989
Eutrophication of Gulf of Mexico
Hurricane Katrina
Louisiana wetlands
A

S

41
Q

Reduce volume of storm water runoff

A

Reduce hard surface size

Larger collection points

42
Q

Problem from excessive ground paved

A

Reduces groundwater replenishing rates

43
Q

Increase of Co2 in ocean results in decrease of pH

A

When co2 dissolves, an acid is produced

44
Q

Why does it take large areas to support bald eagles

A

Large biomass requires lower tropic levels, less energy, less food

APES (8 decks)

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