Ch 12- Resources And Human Impact

Question 0

What are the causes of desertification?

Answer 0

Over planting
Over grazing
Tree cutting
–occurs mostly in semiarid areas

Question 1

How do humans modify forests?

Answer 1

Cut down trees
Turn into farms
Pollute forests
Build building/ houses

Question 2

Costs associated with mineral exploitation

Answer 2

Economic costs----
-restoration costs a lot 
Energy cost------
Labor
Reclamation 
Power
Environmental cost----
-Acid drainage
-polluted water
-altered habitats + environments

Question 3

Why do nations trade mineral resources

Answer 3

Lack of necessary resources

• economic interests
• political interests

Question 4

Renewable vs nonrenewable resources

Answer 4

Renewable
-formed or regenerated by NATURAL processes

Nonrenewable

• not replaced by natural processes
• -iron ore
• -fossil fuels

Question 5

How do humans cause extinctions

Answer 5

• habitat destruction
• disruption of animal/ plant life
• pollution
• over hunting

Question 6

Human impacts over time changed?

Answer 6

Early

• hunt to survive
• not much pollution

Today

• pollution from cars, factories, everything
• humans suck

Question 7

What is pollution

Answer 7

Any additional MATTER or ENERGY that degrades the environment

Question 8

How do humans impact the biodiversity of an ecosystem?

Answer 8

Humans take over an area

• no place for animals/ plants
• constantly building in areas

Question 9

Change in forest types 1981-1990

Answer 9

Tropic
-3.8%

Temperate
+.0% gain

Question 10

How does logging change the forest environment?

Answer 10

• more flooding
• destruction of habitat
• –clear cutting is the worst

Question 11

Logging methods

Answer 11

• clear cutting
• –entire area cut down
• patch work clear cutting
• small patches of clear cut among forested areas
• select harvesting
• -cut individual trees

Question 12

Why are environmentalist concerned about tropical desertification?

Answer 12

Because they are

Question 13

What are rangelands and how are they used?

Answer 13

Land that is not intensively managed and is used for LIVESTOCK grazing

Question 14

Positive and negative effects of using rangeland?

Answer 14

Good

• free uses
• not much energy required

Bad
-desertification (semiarid land converted to arid land/ deserts)

Question 15

Positives and negatives effects of harvesting limits for the fishing industry?

Answer 15

Good

• maintain fish population
• balanced environment

Bad

• loss of revenue
• overfishing

Question 16

Humans alter freshwater ecosystems?

Answer 16

• overfish
• pollute
• introduction of invasive species
• habitat destruction

Question 17

What is habitat management?

Answer 17

Habitat modifications made to enhances that success of species

Question 18

Predictor/competitor control?

Answer 18

• though it would increase game species if the predator was taken away
• or introduce more completion
• -does not really work though

Question 19

What factors are used to determine a species probability of EXTINCTION?

Answer 19

-population density
-area size
Specialized niche
-low reproductive rates
-birth and death rates

Question 20

Why worry about extinction?

Answer 20

• species help us

- play key roles in the sustainability of an ecosystem

Question 21

Endangered vs threatened species?

Answer 21

Endangered- such small number, they are endangered of becoming extinct

Threatened- could become extinct if critical environmental factors are changed

Question 22

How is fires used for forest management?

Answer 22

• Pin cones need heat to open
• less dead/old growth
• small, controlled burn to prevent large burns

Question 23

Types of miming

Answer 23

Strip- above ground
contour- cut into mt. Side
Shaft- down, down, down, down, down
Mt. Top removal- bast it off!!!

Question 24

Acid mine drainage

Answer 24

Water (rain, melt) + oxygen (air)+ pyrite (mined) = sulfuric acid

Question 25

Biodiversity FRQ

TWO characteristics of ecosystems with high biodiversity-
TWO human activities that result in the loss of biodiversity-
—–explain how
—–strategy to reduce it

One natural factor that could lead to loss of biodiversity-
TWO ecological benefits of high biodiversity

Answer 25

1-larger # of different species
Abundant resources

2. Clearing land (houses, roads, building)
   Reduces habitat size –> urban boundaries
   Overfishing/ overhunting
   Reduction of keystone species –> regulate activities/ animal #
3. Wildfires
4. pollination, control of pest species

Question 26

Termite FRQ!
1-1 way fire suppression led to increased termite population?
2- how do beetles enhance climate change
3-2 changes in forest as a result of dead mature trees
4- 2 economic consequences due to loss of honeybees
5-ecosystem service. How it benefits humans

Answer 26

1- more trees, thicker forests
2-less CO2 removed by trees
More dead trees-> more decomposition-> more CO2
3-Habitat loss (lost shelter, lost food)
More flooding (plant/ animal deaths)
4-higher prices (lower sales + less crop yield)
5-waste disposal-> decomposition

Question 27

Termite FRQ 2!
1. How does increase in dissolved CO2 in ocean result in decreased pH of ocean water.

2 why has carbon movement into ocean been increasing since 1850.

Answer 27

1- carbon dissolves ->makes acid
2- more burning fossil fuels
More carbon in atmosphere

Question 28

Relative humidity FRQ SEE NOTES!!!!

Answer 28

Please see notes now!!!!!