Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Review > Water Supply Engineering > Flashcards

Water Supply Engineering Flashcards

1
Q

Branch of continuous mechanics which deals with the study of all fluids under static and dynamic situations

A

Fluid Mechanics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fluids at rest

A

Fluids Statics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Deals with velocities and streamlines w/o considering forces or energy

A

Kinematics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Deals with the relations between velocities and accelerations and forces exerted by or upon fluids in motion

A

Fluid Kinetics/Dynamics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Deals with the application of fluid mechanics to engineering devices

A

Hydraulics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Deals with the flow of fluids that undergo significant density changes

A

Gas Dynamics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Deals with the flow of gases over bodies such as air vehicles. Helps also in designing them

A

Aerodynamics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

It is the study of materials showing dual behaviors; under certain limits; it behaves like solids and under others behaves like fluid

A

Rheology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Convenient to assume fluids are continuously distributed throughout the region of interest

A

Continuum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

It will deform at different rates. Directly proportional to stress and strain

A

Newtonian Fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fluid in which shear stress is not directly proportional to deformation rate

A

Non-Newtonian Fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Shear thinning fluids, becomes less resistant to motion with increased strain rate

A

Pseudoplastics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Shear thickening fluids becomes more resistant to motion as the strain rate increases

A

Dilatants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

It requires a minimum shear stress to cause motion

A

Bingham Fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Regions where frictional effects are significant. They are usually close to solid surfaces

A

Viscous Region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Regions where frictional forces are small compared to inertial or pressure force

A

Inviscid Region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Undergoes significant changes in density as they flow

A

Compressible Fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Does not undergo significant changes in density as they flow

A

Incompressible Fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The measure by which a physical variable is expressed quantitatively

A

Dimensions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Particular way of attaching a number to quantities

A

Unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The amount of matter in a particle or object.

A

Mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The force that gravitation exerts on a body

A

Weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mass per unit of volume

A

Density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The volume occupied by a unit of mass of fluid. Reciprocal of density

A

Specific Volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Weight per unit volume

A

Unit/Specific Weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

A unitless ratio of a fluid’s density to some standard reference density, like water

A

Specific Gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Property of fluid that can be thought as the internal stickiness of a fluid; that is due to its resistance to shearing stress

A

Absolute/Dynamic Viscosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The ratio of the dynamic viscosity of the fluid to its density. It is a quantity in which no force is involved

A

Kinematic Viscosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

To characterize the fluid compressibility of fluids. It is the reciprocal of coefficient of compressibility. Unit is pascal.

A

Bulk Modulus of Elasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

It is the fractional change in the volume of a fluid per unit change in pressure in a constant temperature pressure

A

Compressibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Force within the surface layer of a liquid that causes the layer to behave as an elastic sheet

A

Surface Tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The ability of a narrow tube to draw a liquid upward against the force of gravity

A

Capillarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

A fluid has capillarity if

A

Cohesive Force, Adhesive Force, Surface Tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

A pressure wave disturbance in fluids. Speed of sound in a fluid

A

Celerity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Pressure wave travelling with the speed of sound caused by slight change of pressure to a compressible flow

A

Mach Angle/Number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Dimensionless value useful for analyzing fluid flow dynamics problems where compressibility is a significant factor

A

Cauchy Number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Force exerted by a fluid per unit area. It is transmitted with equal intensity in all direction and acts normal to any plane. In the same horizontal plane, the pressure intensifies in a liquid are equal.

A

Fluid Pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

The pressure intensity at the base of a column of homogenous fluid of a given height in m.

A

Pressure Head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

It is the pressure at the surface of the earth due to the head of air above the surface.

A

Atmospheric Pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Pressure measured above or below atmospheric pressure

A

Gauge Pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Negative gauge pressure. In outer space the pressure is essentially zero.

A

Vacuum Pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Measured above absolute zero or vacuum

A

Absolute Pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

States that the pressure intensity at a point in a fluid at rest is the same in all directions

A

Pascal’s Principle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Assumed to have no Viscosity

A

Ideal Fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Experience friction during flow

A

Real Fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Incompressible

A

Ideal Fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Turbulence in Flow

A

Real Fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Non uniform velocity distribution when flowing

A

Real Fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Exhibit Infinite Vicosities

A

Real Fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

No friction between moving layers of fluid

A

Ideal Fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Types of Non-Newtonian Fluid

A

Pseudoplastic Fluids, Delatant Fluids, and Bingham Fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

It is the intermolecular bonding of a substance where its mutual attractiveness forces them to maintain a certain shape of liquid

A

Cohesive Force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Forces of attraction between unlike molecules

A

Adhesive Force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Formation of impenetrable surface on the body of water due to cohesive forces

A

Surface Tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

To guard against water hammer

A

Surge tanks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

As per IS:1172-1963, water required per head per day for average domestic purposes, is _

A

135 liters

57
Q

In slow sland filters, the turbidity of raw water can be removed only up to_

A

60mg/litre

58
Q

Acidity in water is caused due to _

A

mineral acids, Free CO2, iron sulphate and aluminum sulphate

59
Q

The transitional middle portion of a logistic curve follows a _

A

constant rate

60
Q

Fire hydrants are fitted in water mains at _

A

100m to 150m apart at fire

61
Q

The minimum water pressure

A

1 to 1.5 kg/cm2

62
Q

The water pressure 1 to 1.5 kg/cm2 is made available for

A

4-5hrs for constant use

63
Q

has the least specific retention

A

The coarse gravel

64
Q

Most commonly used for lifting water supply mains

A

Axialflow Pump

65
Q

Economic height of a dam is the height corresponding to

A

the cost of the dam per unit of storage is minimum

66
Q

Distribution mains of any water supply, is normally designed for it average daily requirement of

A

225%

67
Q

In pressure supply mains water hammer pressure is reduced by providing

A

pressure relief valves

68
Q

Detention period for plain sedimentation tanks ranges between _

A

4 to 8 hrs

69
Q

Detention period for sedimentation tanks, using coagulants usually ranges between _

A

2 to 4 hrs

70
Q

The horizontally flow velocity in sedimentation tanks, is generally limited to

A

0.3 m/min

71
Q

By boiling water, hardness can be removed if its due to

A

calcium bicarbonate

72
Q

The least thickness of class B cast iron (spun) pipe is

A

8.6mm

73
Q

Average annual rainfall at any station is the average of annual rainfall over a period of

A

35 years

74
Q

Time taken for the storm water to travel from the most remote point to the drain

A

Time of concentration

75
Q

Any stream flowing steadily w/out friction, the total energy contained in a given mass is the same at any point within its path of flow

A

Daniel Bernoulli’s energy Theorem

76
Q

Rate at work is done

A

Power

77
Q

It is used to increase the head or to raise or deliver water from a lower to a higher elevation

A

Pump

78
Q

Mechanical work which produces electricity

A

Turbine

79
Q

It is the graphical representation of the potential head. The line to which liquid rises in successive piezometer

A

Hydraulic Grade Line

80
Q

Always above the hydraulic grade line by an amount equal to the velocity head

A

Energy grade line

81
Q

States that the increase in the kinetic energy per unit weight is equal to the decrease in the potential energy per unit weight

A

Venturi meter

82
Q

the American engineer that invented the venturi meter

A

Clemens Herschel

83
Q

Tube with circular cross section bent in l-shape with both ends open is used for measuring velocity of liquid in an open flow

A

Pitot tube

84
Q

it is a converging tube installed at the end of pipe or hose for the purpose of increasing the velocity of the issuing jet

A

Nozzle

85
Q

study of movement of water beneath the earth’s surface

A

Geohydrology

86
Q

Water beneath the surface can essentially be divided into 3 zones

A

1) the soil water zone or vadose zone 2) an intermediate zone and 3) the groundwater, or saturated zone

87
Q

subsurface zone in which all rock openings are filled with water

A

Saturated or Phreatic Zone

88
Q

a subsurface zone in which rock openings are generally unsaturated and filled partly with air and water; above the saturated zone

A

Vadose zone or Zone of Aeration

89
Q

the upper surface of the zone of saturation.

A

Water table

90
Q

a local zone of saturation may exist at some level above the main water table

A

Perched water table

91
Q

Factors affecting the flow of groundwater

A

porosity of a soil, Soil permeability and Slope of the water table

92
Q

A formation, group of formations, or part of a formation that contains sufficient saturated permeable material to yield significant quantities of water to wells and springs

A

Aquifer

93
Q

Confining bed that retards but does not prevent the flow of water to or from an adjacent aquifer

A

Aquitard

94
Q
  • A hydrogeologic unit which, although porous and capable of storing water, does not transmit it at rates sufficient to furnish of storing water, does not transmit at rates sufficient to furnish an appreciable supply for a well of spring
A

Aquiclude

95
Q
  • A hydrogeologic unit which has no interconnected openings and hence cannot store or transmit water
A

Aquifuge

96
Q

Aquifer below the land surface that is saturated with water. Layers of impermeable material are both above and below the aquifer, causing it to be under pressure so that when the aquifer is penetrated by a well, the water will rise above the top of the aquifer

A

Confined Aquifer

97
Q

An aquifer whose upper water surface is at atmospheric pressure and thus is able to rise and fall

A

Unconfined Aquifer

98
Q
  • The vertical distance the water elevation is lowered or the reduction of the pressure head to the removal of the water
A

Drawdown

99
Q

A depression of the potentiometric surface in the shape of an inverted cone that develops around a well which is being pumped

A

Cone of depression

100
Q

A deep hole, generally cylindrical, that is dug or drilled into the ground to penetrate an aquifer within the saturated zone.

A

Well

101
Q

Constructed by either of a cable tool or rotary-drilling machines, drilled wells that penetrate unconsolidated material require installation of casing and a screen to prevent inflow of sediment and collapse

A

Drilled wells

102
Q

Driving a small-diameter pipe into shallowly water-bearing sand or gravel. Usually screened well point is attached to the bottom of the casing before driving

A

Drive wells

103
Q

Excavated by hand shovel to below the water table until incoming water exceeded the digger’s bailing rate.

A

Dug wells

104
Q

A discrete place where the groundwater flows naturally from a rock or the soil onto the land surface or into a body of surface water

A

Spring

105
Q

Taps heat under the earth’s crust to boil water. Used to drive electric turbines to produce electricity

A

Geothermal energy

106
Q

Created when excess water from rain, snowmelt, or near-surface groundwater accumulates on the ground surface and begins to run downhill

A

Streams

107
Q

the addition of new water to the saturated zone

A

Recharge

108
Q

a stream that receives water from the zone of saturation

A

Gaining stream (Effluent Stream)

109
Q

a stream that loses water to the zone of saturation

A

Losing stream (Influent Stream)

110
Q

The part of the stream discharge that is not attributable to direct runoff from precipitation or melting snow, it is usually sustained by groundwater discharge

A

Base flow

111
Q

icicle-like pendants of dripstone hanging from cave ceilings

A

Stalactites

112
Q

cone-shaped masses of drip stone formed on cave floors

A

Stalagmites

113
Q

closed depressions found on land surfaces underlain by limestone; either formed by the collapse of a cave rood or by solution as descending water enlarges a crack in limestone

A

Sinkholes

114
Q

a natural pit or sinkhole, resulting from the collapse of limestone bedrock tat expose groundwater underneath

A

Cenote

115
Q

An area with many sinkholes and with cave systems beneath the land surface

A

Karst topography

116
Q

Develops when porous buried wood is either filled in or replaced by inorganic silica carried in by groundwater

A

Petrified wood

117
Q

Hard, round mass that develops when a considerable amount of cementing material precipitates locally in a rock

A

Concretion

118
Q

Partly hollow, globe-shaped bodies found in some lime stones and locally in other rocks

A

Geodes

119
Q

Branch of applied sciences which deals with the measurement and description of the physical features of bodies of waters as well as with the prediction purpose of safety of navigation and in support of all marine activities.

A

Hydrography

120
Q

body of fresh water completely surrounded on all sides by land

A

Lake

121
Q

natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river

A

River

122
Q

body of standing water, either natural or artificial that is usually smaller than a lake

A

Pond

123
Q

part of the sea or river reaches into the land

A

Bay

124
Q

a large area of ocean that is partly surrounded by land

A

Gulf

125
Q

study of inland waters. It is often regarded as a division of ecology or environmental science

A

Limnology

126
Q

The uppermost, warmest (and least dense) layer of a stratified lake

A

Epilimnion

127
Q

middle zone, where the rate of change in temperature with depth is greatest

A

Metalimnion

128
Q

deepest, coldest, most dense zone

A

Hypolimnion

129
Q

The area drained by a river and its tributaries

A

Drainage basin

130
Q

the beginning of a river

A

Source

131
Q

the end of a river

A

Mouth

132
Q

A small river that flows into a larger river

A

Tributary

133
Q

where 2 rivers meet

A

Confluence

134
Q

the border between 2 drainage basins

A

Watershed

135
Q

the tidal section of a river near the mouth

A

Estuary

136
Q

the physical confines of the river encompassing two banks and a bed

A

Channel

137
Q

the sides of a river channel

A

Bank

138
Q

the bottom of a river channel

A

Bed

Review (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions