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Review > Environmental Engineering > Flashcards

Environmental Engineering Flashcards

1
Q

A tool used by project planners whereby proposed projects are analyzed for the possible impact that their implementation may have on the environment

A

Environmental Impact Assessment System

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2
Q

It is used to predict the impact of the project to the environment

A

Aldo Leopold Matrix

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3
Q

Known as the Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System

A

PD 1586

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4
Q

Basic DENR policy

A

to attain and maintain a rational and orderly balance between economic growth and environmental protection

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5
Q

A measure of capacity of the environment to absorb impacts within recovery threshold so there is no significant deterioration of resources to a point where sustainable ecosystem function is impaired

A

Carrying Capacity

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6
Q

surrounding air, water, land, flora, fauna, humans and their interrelations

A

Environment

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7
Q

It is any activity which may have varying levels of significance of impact on the environment

A

Project/Undertaking

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8
Q

It is an industry whose project operation stage involves chemical, mechanical or other processes

A

Process Industry

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9
Q

any natural or juridical person intending to implement a project or undertaking

A

Proponent

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10
Q

entities who may be directly or significantly affected by the project or undertaking

A

Stakeholders

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11
Q

a professional or group of professionals commissioned by the proponent to prepare the EIS/IEE and other documents

A

Environmental Impact Assessment Consultant

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12
Q

A body of independent technical experts and professionals of known probity from various fields organized by the EMB to evaluate the EIS and other related documents and to make appropriate recommendations regarding issuance or non-issuance of an ECC

A

Environmental Impact Assessment Review Committee

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13
Q

Community based multi sectoral team organized for the purpose of monitoring the Proponent’s compliance with ECC conditions, EMP and applicable laws, rules and regulations

A

Multipartite Monitoring Team (MMT)

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14
Q

the director of the DENR-EMB at the central office

A

EMB Director

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15
Q

the Director of the DENR-EMB at the Regional Office

A

EMB RD/ EMB RO Director

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16
Q

The document issued by the DENR-EMB certifying that based on the representations of the proponent and the preparers, as reviewed and validated by the EIARC, the proposed project or undertaking will not cause a significant negative environmental impact, that the proponent has compiled with all the requirements of the EIS System

A

Environmental Compliance Certificate

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17
Q

a certification issued by the EMB certifying that, based on the submitted project description, the project is not covered by the EIS System and is not required to secure an ECC

A

Certificate of Non Coverage (CNC)

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18
Q

Remaining impacts after implementation of preventive and mitigating measures

A

Residual Impacts

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19
Q

Additive impacts from various sources

A

Cumulative Impacts

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20
Q

impacts which damage the environment to the point that the environmental resource loses its capacity to sustain life or to continue functioning within baseline levels and efficiency

A

Significant impacts

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21
Q

Fund to be set up by a project proponent which shall be readily accessible and disbursable for the immediate clean up or rehabilitation of areas affected by damages in the environment and the resulting deterioration of environmental quality as a direct consequence of a project’s construction, operation or abandonment

A

Environmental Guarantee Fund (EGF)

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22
Q

Fund that a proponent shall set up after an ECC is issued for its project or undertaking, to be used to support the activities of the multi-partite monitoring team.

A

Environmental Monitoring Fund (EMF)

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23
Q

process that involves evaluating and predicting the likely impacts of a project on the environment during construction, commissioning, operation and abandonment

A

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

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24
Q

Assessment, through the use of university accepted and scientific methods, of risks associated with a project.

A

Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA)

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25
Q

Capability of Proponents to mitigate environmental impacts of projects or programs

A

Environmental Performance

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26
Q

It is open, transparent, gender-sensitive, and community-based public involvement in the EIA process, aimed at ensuring the social acceptability of a project design and development and continuing until post-assessment monitoring

A

Public Participation:

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27
Q

Acceptability of a project by affected communities based on timely and informed participated in the EIA process particularly with regard to environmental impacts that are of concern to them

A

Social Acceptability

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28
Q

The stage in the EIS system where information and project impact assessment requirements are more definitely established and focused to provide the proponent and the stakeholders for the final scope of work and terms for the EIS

A

Scoping

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29
Q

Phase in the ECC application review process to check for the completeness the required documents, conducted by EIAM Division at the EMB

A

Procedural Review

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30
Q

Describes the nature, configuration, use of raw materials and natural resources, production system, waste or pollution generation and control and the activities of a proposed project

A

Projection Description

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31
Q

Prepared and submitted by the project proponent and/or EIA Consultant that serves as an application for an ECC.

A

Environmental Impact Statement

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32
Q

It is a document similar to an EIS, but with reduced details and depth of assessment and discussion

A

Initial Environmental Examination Report (IEER)

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33
Q

Simplified checklist version of an IEE report, prescribed by the DENR to be filled up by a proponent to identify and assess a project’s environmental impacts and the mitigation/enhancement measures to address such impacts

A

Initial Environmental Examination Checklist Report (IEECR)

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34
Q

Documentation of the actual cumulative environmental impacts and effectiveness of current measures for single projects that are already operating but without ECCs

A

Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan (EPRMP):

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35
Q

Documentation of comprehensive studies on environmental baseline conditions of a contiguous area.

A

Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (PEIs)

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36
Q

Documentation of actual cumulative environmental impacts of co-located projects with proposals for expansion.

A

Programmatic Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan (PEPRM)

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37
Q

Section in the EIS that details the prevention, mitigation, compensation, contingency and monitoring measures to enhance positive impacts and minimize negative impacts and risks of a proposed project or undertaking

A

Environmental Management Plan/Program (EMP)

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38
Q

refers to the EMB PEPP EMS as provided for under DAO 2003-14, which is a part of the overall management system of a project of organization that includes environmental policy, organizational structure planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources for developing, implementing, achieving, reviewing and maintaining an improved overall environmental performance

A

Environmental Management Systems (EMS)

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39
Q

It specifies the requirements of an environmental management systems for small to large organizations.

A

ISO 14001

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40
Q

To enhance planning and guide decision-making

A

Purpose of the EIA process

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41
Q

Primarily presented in the context of a requirement to integrate environmental concerns in the planning process of projects at the feasibility stage

A

Environmental Impact Assessment

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42
Q

During which a proponent defines its range of actions and consider project alternatives

A

Feasibility Study stage

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43
Q

Proclaiming certain areas and types of projects as Environmentally Critical and within the scope of the Environmental Impact Statement system established under PD 1586

A

Proclamation no. 2146 of Dec. 14, 1981

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44
Q

A project that has high potential significant impacts

A

Environmentally Critical Projects (ECPs)

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45
Q

ECP types

A

Heavy Industries, Resource Extractive Industries, Infrastructure Projects, Golf course projects

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46
Q

An area that is environmentally sensitive

A

Projects located in Environmentally Critical Areas

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47
Q

How many categories are there of ECA

A

12

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48
Q

NIPAS

A

National Integrated Protected Areas System

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49
Q

PAWB

A

Protected Areas & Wildlife Bureau

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50
Q

CENRO

A

Community Environment & Natural Resources

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51
Q

PENRO

A

Provincial Environment & Natural Resources

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52
Q

Determines if the project is within the purview of EIS

A

Screening

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53
Q

It is done with the local community through public scoping with the third party, the REVCOM, with the participation of the EMB

A

Scoping

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54
Q

Stage of EIA. Involves the documents involving the description of the project, baseline data, impact identification and prediction, evaluation of impact significance

A

EIA Study and Report Preparation

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55
Q

Screening review and evaluation of the document

A

EIA Report Review and evaluation

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56
Q

Decision resulting to the issuance of an ECC, CNC, or denial letter

A

Decision Making

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57
Q

Stage wherein it assesses the performance of the proponent against the ECC

A

Monitoring, Validation and Evaluation Audit

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58
Q

The EIS process emphasizes the importance of it in broadening the responsibilities for environmental protection and in promoting social progress and equity

A

Public participation

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59
Q

A process required in the conduct of EIA in order for the affected communities to have timely and informed participation

A

Social Preparation Process

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60
Q

Frontliners for all projects impacts, whether positive or negative

A

Multipartite Monitoring Team (MMT) System

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61
Q

Minor or Major Amendment. Expansion of the project area w/in catchment described in EIA

A

Major Amendment

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62
Q

Minor or Major Amendment. Addition of new product

A

Major Amendment

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63
Q

Minor or Major Amendment. Typographical Errors

A

Minor Amendment

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64
Q

Minor or Major Amendment. Increase in production capacity or auxiliary component of the original project

A

Major Amendment

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65
Q

Minor or Major Amendment. Extension of ECC validity

A

Minor Amendment

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66
Q

Minor or Major Amendment. Extension of deadlines for submission of post ECC requirements

A

Minor Amendment

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67
Q

Authority to Impose Fines and Penalties

A

Directors of the EMB Central Office or Regional Office

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68
Q

Who may issue a Cease and Desist Order (CDO) based on violations under the Philippine EIS system which cannot be attributed to specific environmental laws

A

The EMB director or the EMB-RD

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69
Q

Major or Minor Offense. Exceedance of project limit or area

A

Major Offense

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70
Q

Major or Minor Offense. Major change in project process or technology

A

Major Offenses

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71
Q

Major or Minor Offense. Non-submission or delay in submission of reports/requirements

A

Minor Offense

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72
Q

Major or Minor Offense. Delay or failure to implement ECC Conditions which do not have significant impacts to the environment

A

Minor Offense

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73
Q

Who can impose fines

A

The Secretary, EMB Director or the RD

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74
Q

How much do the projects operating w/o an ECC get to pay?

A

P50,000.00

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75
Q

The branch of science which is basically concerned with the interactions between organisms and their surroundings

A

Ecology

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76
Q

He studied the ecological succession in 1990

A

Henry Chandler Cowles

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77
Q

The first person to stress the importance of the relationships between plants and animals and the idea of ecology as a study of communities of organism

A

Victor Shelford

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78
Q

He made the concept of food chains and webs as part of ecology

A

Charles Elton

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79
Q

He wrote Game Management, beginning the discipline of wildlife management

A

Aldo Leopold

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80
Q

Everything that affects an organism during its lifetime

A

Environment

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81
Q

Simply single living organism

A

Organism

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82
Q

The members of a given species in a given area

A

Population

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83
Q

Levels of organization

A 
Individual 
Population 
Communities 
Ecosystem
Biome 
Biosphere
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84
Q

It is called the “skin of life” that includes the thin envelope of life that surrounds the earth’s surface

A

Biosphere

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85
Q

Includes the soil and sediments where organisms live

A

Lithosphere

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86
Q

It is the liquid or frozen water on or near the surface of the lithosphere

A

Hydrosphere

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87
Q

It is a region of gases, particulate matter and water vapor

A

Atmosphere

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88
Q

The lowest portion of Earth’s atmosphere

A

Troposphere

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89
Q

2nd major layer of Earth’s atmosphere, just above the troposphere and below the mesosphere

A

Stratosphere

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90
Q

Branch of ecology that deals with the biological relationship between an individual organism or an individual species and its environment

A

Autecology

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91
Q

Study of ecological interrelationships among communities of organisms

A

Synecology

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92
Q

Include all forms of life in the environment

A

Biotic factors

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93
Q

Non-living factors

A

Abiotic Factors

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94
Q

Process plants use to convert inorganic material into organic matter with the assistance of light energy

A

Photosynthesis

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95
Q

The green photosynthesis pigment found in the chloroplast

A

Chlorophyll

96
Q

A plastid that contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis

A

Chloroplast

97
Q

Environmental factors that limit growth rate of a population

A

Environmental resistance

98
Q

Determines the success of a particular kind of organism more than any other factor

A

Limiting factor

99
Q

Upper and lower limits to the range particular environmental factors within which and organism can survive

A

Limits of tolerance

100
Q

Number of offspring that could theoretically exist if all offspring survived and produced young

A

Biotic potential

101
Q

The space that the organism or community inhabits; the place where it lives

A

Habitat

102
Q

Functional role the organism/species plays in a community

A

Niche

103
Q

The process that causes organisms to adapt to their environment

A

Natural selection

104
Q

Change in the characteristics shown by the organisms and the kinds of organisms present during the process of natural selection

A

Evolution

105
Q

Production of new species from previously existing species

A

Speciation

106
Q

Relationship in which neither population is affected by association with the other

A

Neutralism

107
Q

Kind of interaction in which 2 organism strive to obtain the same limited resources and in the process both organisms are harmed to some extent

A

Competition

108
Q

It is competition between members of the same species

A

Intraspecific competition

109
Q

It is competition between different species

A

Interspecific competition

110
Q

Relationship in which one population is inhibited by an external factor and the other is not affected

A

Amensalism

111
Q

One species benefits while the other species is harmed

A

Parasitism

112
Q

Dependent organism

A

Parasite

113
Q

The species that is harmed

A

Host

114
Q

It is parasites that live on the surface of their hosts

A

Ectoparasite

115
Q

It is parasites which live inside the bodies of their hosts

A

Endoparasites

116
Q

It occurs when one animal, kills and eats the other

A

Predation

117
Q

Relationship in which one species benefits while the other is not harmed/affected

A

Commensalism

118
Q

Favorable to both organisms. But not obligatory to them

A

Protocooperation

119
Q

Relationship wherein both species benefit from each other

A

Mutualism

120
Q

Graphical representation design to show the bio-productivity at each trophic level in a given ecosystem

A

Ecological pyramids

121
Q

ultimate source of all energy

A

Sun

122
Q

organisms that uses an outside source of energy to create enery-rich food molecules

A

Producers

123
Q

organisms that cannot create energy-rich molecules but obtains its food by eating other organisms

A

Consumers

124
Q

consume wastes and dead organism

A

Decomposers

125
Q

organisms which can synthesize their own complex, energy rich, organic molecules from simple inorganic molecules

A

Autotrophs

126
Q

Organisms who must obtain complex, energy rich, organic compounds from the bodies of other organisms

A

Heterotrophs

127
Q

Heterotrophic organisms who secrete digestive enzymes onto dead organism matter and absorb the digested material

A

Saprotrophs

128
Q

Heterotrophic organisms who ingest dead organic matter

A

Detritivores

129
Q

Dead or decaying organic matter

A

Detritus

130
Q

Each step in the flow of energy through an ecosystem

A

Trophic Level

131
Q

Graphical model of energy flow in a community

A

Pyramid of energy

132
Q

A graphical representation that depicts the biomass existent in per unit area in all the different level of ecological system

A

Pyramid of Biomass

133
Q

Number of organisms in a food chain can be represented graphically in a pyramid. Each bar represents the number of individuals at each trophic level in the food chain

A

Pyramid of numbers

134
Q
  • The passage of energy from one trophic level to the next as a result of one organism consuming another
A

Food chain

135
Q

Made up of several overlapping and intersecting food chains

A

Food web

136
Q

Natural biological, geological and chemical process that occur in different ecosystems; facilitate the self-regulating process of an ecosystem

A

Biogeochemical cycle

137
Q
  • Water on soil, plants and bodies of water evaporate into the atmosphere, collect into clouds and return as rain
A

Water cycle

138
Q

ability of a rock or sediment to let fluids pass through its open spaces or pores

A

Permeability

139
Q

the process of a liquid seeping into the ground

A

Percolation

140
Q
  • Bacteria that are able to convert the nitrogen gas in the atmosphere into forms that plants can use
A

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria

141
Q

Bacteria that are able to convert nitrite to atmospheric nitrogen gas

A

Denitrifying bacteria

142
Q

Regular, predictable changes in the structure of a community over time

A

Succession

143
Q

relatively stable, long lasting, more complex, and interrelated community of pants, animals, fungi and bacteria

A

Climax community

144
Q

each step in the succession process

A

Successional or seral stage

145
Q

the entire sequence of stages of succession (from pioneer community to climax community)

A

Sere

146
Q

Terrestrial climax communities with wide geographical distribution

A

Biomes

147
Q

Receives less than 25cm of precipitation per year

A

Desert

148
Q

Receives between 25 and 75 cm of precipitation per year. Windy with hot summers and cold to mild winters

A

Grasslands

149
Q

Extensive grasslands w/ occasional or patches of trees. Typically tropical with 50-150 cm of rain per year

A

Savanna

150
Q

○ Has an average temperature of 25degC. Receive 200-500 cm or more rain per year

A

Tropical rain forest

151
Q

Receive 100cm or more of relatively evenly distributed precipitation per year

A

Temperate deciduous forest

152
Q

Receives 25-100 cm precipitation per year. Climate is humid because of the generally low temperature during all parts of the year

A

Coniferous forest

153
Q

Cold, dry, treeless biome with less than 25 cm of precipitation per year

A

Tundra

154
Q

Free-swimming organisms in the ocean

A

Pelagic animals

155
Q

The upper region of bodies of water where the sun’s rays penetrate thus, where phytoplankton are located

A

Euphotic zone

156
Q

Microscopic, floating algae that carry on photosynthesis in pelagic ecosystem

A

Phytoplankton

157
Q

Small, weakly swimming animals that feed on phytoplankton

A

Zooplankton

158
Q

Organisms that live on the ocean bottom

A

Benthic organism

159
Q

Commonly called seaweeds, are common attached photosynthetic organisms in shallow water

A

Kelp

160
Q

important in determining the kind of benthic community that develops

A

Substrate

161
Q

Located at great depths on the ocean that rely on continuous rain of organic matter from the euphotic zone

A

Abyssal ecosystem

162
Q

Result of large numbers of small sea animals (called corals) that secrete external skeletons

A

Coral reef ecosystem

163
Q

Occupy a region near the shore where the water is shallow and wave action is not too great so that mangroves can become established

A

Mangrove Swamp Ecosystem

164
Q

Tropical trees that are able to live in very wet, salty muds along the ocean shore

A

Mangroves

165
Q

Consist of shallow, partially enclosed areas where freshwater enters the ocean

A

Estuaries

166
Q

The study of bodies of freshwater

A

Limnology

167
Q

The formation of water layers based on salinity and temperature

A

Stratification

168
Q

Lakes are similar in structure to oceans except that the species are different because most marine organisms cannot live in freshwater

A

Lake ecosystem

169
Q

The region with rooted vegetation

A

Littoral zone

170
Q

The portion of the lake that does not have rooted vegetation

A

Limnetic zone

171
Q

Deep, cold, nutrient-poor lakes that are low in productivity

A

Oligotrophic lakes

172
Q

Moderately productive

A

Mesotrophic lakes

173
Q

Shallow, warm, nutrient-rich lakes

A

Eutrophic lake

174
Q

The formation of water layers based on salinity and temperature

A

Stratification

175
Q

Layer of water where sunlight is sufficient for photosynthesis

A

Euphotic zone

176
Q

A deep zone of an inland body of freestanding water located below the range of effective light penetration. Typically below the thermocline

A

Profundal zone

177
Q

Lake bottom sediment

A

Benthic zone

178
Q

Thick but distinct layer in a large body of fluid in which temperature changes more rapidly with depth than it does in the layers above or below

A

Thermocline

179
Q

Sudden dramatic mass fish death caused by insufficient oxygen in a frozen lake

A

Winterkill

180
Q

No light present

A

Aphotic

181
Q

the top most layer in a thermally stratified lake. It is warmer and typically has a higher pH and higher DO concentration than the hypolimnion

A

Epilimnion

182
Q

the dense, bottom layer of water in a thermally-stratified lake. The layer that lies below the thermocline. The coldest layer of a lake in summer, and the warmest layer during winter

A

Hypolimnion

183
Q

Collection of algae, animals and fungi

A

Periphyton

184
Q

Area of trees that are able to live in places that are either permanently flooded or flooded for a major part of the year

A

Swamps

185
Q

Areas that are dominated by grasses and reeds

A

Marshes

186
Q

lands with areas not less than 1 hectare and 60 m wide, which are at least 10% stocked with forest trees, wild palms, bamboos or bushes

A

Forest

187
Q

Areas once covered with tropical moist forest, converted to plantation forest, fire-climax cogon grassland and reproduction brushlands

A

Marginal land

188
Q

Denuded forest lands, croplands and grazing lands that have been abandoned, including areas of exposed soil resulting from landslides or erosion

A

Open lands

189
Q

Land with natural grass cover, devoid of trees or with very few isolated trees

A

Grasslands

190
Q

Large tracts of land naturally vegetated with native grasses, herbs or shrubs of valuable forage

A

Rangelands

191
Q

Lands primarily used for the production of forage plants, naturally or artificially. These are maintained through proper grazing management

A

Grazing lands

192
Q

small lands usually fenced mainly for raising forage plants for domestic livestock

A

Pasturelands

193
Q

refers to the productive efforts whereby natural resources are put to use without jeopardizing their capacity for renewal

A

agriculture

194
Q

the strip of land and adjacent lake or ocean space in which ecology and land use directly affect the ocean space ecology and vice-versa

A

Coastal zone

195
Q

a complex mixture of inorganic materials, decaying organic matter, water, air, and a great array of organisms

A

Soil

196
Q

young soil, like those recently formed along a stream

A

Entisols

197
Q

igh in clay, large ‘shrink-well” capacity

A

Vertisols

198
Q

young soil beginning to show horizon development

A

Inceptisols

199
Q

soils with organic component in dry regions

A

Aridsols

200
Q

ertile soils with high organic content, very fertil

A

Mollisols

201
Q

acidic and sandy, developing in cool, moist climates

A

Spodosols

202
Q

moderately acidic clay soils, above average agricultural soils

A

Alfisols

203
Q

old soils which have been leached; low fertility

A

Utisols

204
Q

high in iron, highly acidic, low in nutrients

A

Oxisols

205
Q

high organic content, poorly drained

A

Histosls

206
Q

volcanic deposition (lava flow)

A

Andisols

208
Q

Environmentally Critical Projects in either ECA or NECA

A

Group 1

209
Q

NECP in ECA

A

Group 2

210
Q

NECP in NECA

A

Group 3

211
Q

Co-located projects in either ECA or NECA

A

Group 4

212
Q

Unclassified

A

Group 5

213
Q

Environmental Impact Statement Maximum time of it getting processed

A

120 wd

214
Q

Environmental Performance Report Management Plan. Maximum time

A

90 wd

215
Q

Environmental Impact Statement. Maximum time

A

60 wd

216
Q

Initial Environmental Examination Report. Maximum time

A

60wd

217
Q

IEECR. Maximum time

A

30 wd

218
Q

PDR. Maximum Time

A

15 wd

219
Q

EPRMP. Maximum time

A

30wd

220
Q

PDR. Maximum Time.

A

15wd

221
Q

PEIS. Maximum time

A

180wd

222
Q

PEPRMP. Maximum time

A

120wd

223
Q

Limit # of pages of PEIS

A

350 pages

224
Q

Limit # of pages of EIS

A

250 pages

225
Q

Limit # of pages of PEPRMP

A

200 pages

226
Q

Limit # of pages of EPRMP

A

150 pages

227
Q

Limit # of pages of IEER

A

75 pages

228
Q

Limit of # of pages of PDR

A

10 pages

229
Q

of copies of EIA report req. to be submitted for PEIS

A

10 hard + 1 CD

230
Q

of copies of EIA Report req. to be submitted for EIS

A

7 hard + 1 CD

231
Q

of copies of EIA Report req. to be submitted for PEPRMP

A

5 hard + 1 CD

232
Q

of copies of EIA Report req. to be submitted for EPRMP

A

5 hard + 1 CD

233
Q

Frequency of submission of CMR

A

Semi-annual

234
Q

Frequency of submission for SMR

A

Quarterly

235
Q

Frequency of submission for CMVR

A

Semi-annually

236
Q

Frequency of submission for CER

A

Prepared semi-annually

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