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Review > Wastewater Engineering 1 > Flashcards

Wastewater Engineering 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Branch of engineering with the transportation and cleaning of sewage or consumed water

A

Wastewater Engineering

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2
Q

Introduction of a substance to the environment leading to a lost beneficial use of resource

A

Pollution

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3
Q

Mass flux of a pollutant

A

Load

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4
Q

control of pollution from human activity

A

Water quality management

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5
Q

Revised water usage and classification

A

dao 34

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6
Q

For maintaining the quality of Philippine waters

A

Water usage and classification

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7
Q

Identifiable sources of pollution

A

Point source

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8
Q

Multiple pollution sources

A

Non-point source

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9
Q

Consumed water

A

Sewage/Wastewater

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10
Q

Raw wastewater coming into a treatment plant

A

Influent

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11
Q

Treated water discharged from a wastewater treatment plant

A

Effluent

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12
Q

Sanitary conveniences of dwelling, residential, commercial, institutional and similar facilities

A

Domestic wastewater

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13
Q

Wastewater that comes from industries that contain high strength waste

A

Industrial wastewater

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14
Q

Liquid flowing in sewers during or after rainfall

A

Storm sewage

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15
Q

Consists of a combination of sanitary wastewater and storm water runoff

A

Combined wastewater

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16
Q

Water discharged into a sewer pipes or service pipes

A

Inflow

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17
Q

Groundwater entering sewers through broken joints and/or broken pipes

A

Infiltration

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18
Q

Sum of direct inflow at any point in the system plus any flow discharged

A

Total inflow

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19
Q

Stormwater that may require several days or more to drain thru the sewer system

A

Delayed inflow

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20
Q

Consumed water in kitchen, bathroom and laundry

A

Greywater

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21
Q

Feces and urine

A

Black water

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22
Q

Urine separated from black water

A

Yellow water

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23
Q

Black water without yellow water

A

Brown water

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24
Q

BOD range for domestic

A

300-500 mg/L

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25
Q

TSS for domestic

A

300 mg/L

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26
Q

COD for domestic

A

500-1000 mg/L

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27
Q

Industrial wastewater characteristics

A

HIgh or low pH, color and high temperatures, high heavy metals, and inorganic chemicals

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28
Q

Sewage composition

A

99.9% water 0.1% solid

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29
Q

Solid composition in sewage

A

Organic and inorganic materials

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30
Q

Organic composition in sewage

A

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats & Oil and Nutrients

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31
Q

It refers to the reproducibility of an analytic technique when it is repeated on a homogenous sample without regard to actual value

A

Precision

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32
Q

Correspondence between the measured value and the actual value

A

Accuracy

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33
Q

The rate of growth is constant

A

Arithmetic Method

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34
Q

The rate of growth follows a geometric or logarithmic relationship

A

Geometric Method

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35
Q

Involves graphical projection of the past population growth curve

A

Curvilinear Method

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36
Q

The logistic curve used in modeling population trends that has an s curve

A

Logistic Method

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37
Q

Assumes that the city has a limiting saturation population, it has deficits in population

A

Declining Growth

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38
Q

All the matter that remains as residue upon evaporation at 103 to 105 deg C

A

Total Solids

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39
Q

The residue left in the vessel after a sample is ignited at 550 deg C

A

Fixed solids

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40
Q

The weight loss after a sample is ignited at 550 deg C

A

Volatile solid

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41
Q

Solids in water that can be trapped or retained in a standard glass fiber filter

A

Total Suspended Solids

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42
Q

Suspended solids that will settle to the bottom of a cone shaped contained (imhoff cone) in one hour

A

Settleable Solids

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43
Q

Solids that does not settle readily

A

Colloidal Solids

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44
Q

Solids in water that can pass thru a glass fiber filter

A

Total Dissolved Solids

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45
Q

Solids lost on ignition

A

Volatile Suspended Solids

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46
Q

Inorganic fraction that remains behind as ash after ignition

A

Fixed Solids

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47
Q

Caused by gases produced by the decomposition of organic matter

A

Odors

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48
Q

Odor of Amines

A

Fishy

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49
Q

Odor of Ammonia

A

Ammoniacal

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50
Q

Odor of Diamines

A

Decayed Fish

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51
Q

Odor of Hydrogen Sulfide

A

Rotten Eggs

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52
Q

Odor of Mercaptans

A

Decayed Cabbages, skunk

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53
Q

Odor of Organic Sulfides

A

Rotten Cabbage

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54
Q

Odor of Skatole

A

Fecal matter

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55
Q

Color of fresh wastewater

A

Gray

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56
Q

Color of septic/stale wastewater

A

Black

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57
Q

Type of color that is due to suspended solids

A

Apparent Color

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58
Q

Type of color that is due to the dissolved solids that remain after suspended solids

A

True color

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59
Q

Unit of measurement of Color

A

True color unit and Platinum cobalt unit

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60
Q

A measure of light transmitting properties of water

A

Turbidity

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61
Q

It is a negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration

A

pH

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62
Q

A variety of organic substances including hydrocarbons, fats, oils, waxes and high-molecular weighty fatty acids

A

Fats, oils and grease (FOG)

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63
Q

DENR Standard of FOG

A

less than 5 mg/L

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64
Q

Instruments used for measuring FOG

A

Soxhlet Extraction Flasks

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65
Q

Solids are derived from both the animal and plant kingdoms and the activities of man as related to the synthesis of organic compounds

A

Organic Matter

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66
Q

The principal constituents of the animal organisms

A

Proteins

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67
Q

Includes sugars, starches, cellulose and wood fiber

A

Carbohydrates

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68
Q

Large organic molecules that are slightly soluble in water and cause foaming in waste-treatment plants

A

Surfactants

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69
Q

Causes taste problems in drinking water

A

Phenols

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70
Q

The oxygen required by biochemical processes to completely aerobically decomposes organic matter

A

Biochemical Oxygen Demand

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71
Q

It is a measure of oxygen content

A

Dissolved Oxygen

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72
Q

The amount of oxygen required to decompose all of the organic material after “infinite time”

A

Ultimate BOD

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73
Q

Oxygen consumption due to carbon

A

Carbonaceous BOD

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74
Q

Oxygen consumption due to nitrogen oxidation

A

Nitrogenous BOD

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75
Q

The amount of oxygen required to oxidize and stabilize organic and inorganic content of the sample solution

A

Chemical Oxygen Demand

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76
Q

Used as a strong oxidizing agent

A

Potassium dichromate

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77
Q

Based on stoichiometric arrangement of organic matter in wastewater, which is generally a combination of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen

A

Theoretical Oxygen Demand

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78
Q

Applicable to small concentration. The test is performed by injecting a known quantity of sample into a high temperature furnace

A

Total Organic Carbon

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79
Q

It is a constituent of proteins, chlorophyll and many other biological compounds

A

Nitrogen

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80
Q

The sum of nitrogen, ammonia and ammonium

A

Total Kjeldahl nitrogen

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81
Q

Blue Baby syndrome is caused by what

A

Methemoglobinemia

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82
Q

Domestic Wastewater Color

A

Gray

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83
Q

Domestic Wastewater characteristics of Odor

A

Musty

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84
Q

Domestic Wastewater characteristics of DO

A

Greater than 1 mg/L

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85
Q

Domestic Wastewater characteristics of pH

A

6.5 to 9

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86
Q

Domestic Wastewater characteristics of TSS

A

100-350 mg/L

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87
Q

Domestic Wastewater characteristics of BOD5

A

100-300 mg/L

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88
Q

Domestic Wastewater characteristics of COD

A

200-500 mg/L

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89
Q

Domestic Wastewater characteristics of Total Nitrogen

A

20-85 mg/L

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90
Q

Domestic Wastewater characteristics of Total Phosphorus

A

8-20 mg/L

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91
Q

Domestic Wastewater characteristics of fecal coliform

A

500,000-3,000,000 MPN/100ml

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92
Q

SIngle-celled plants which metabolize soluble food and reproduce by binary fission

A

Bacteria

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93
Q

The adjustment phase of microorganism

A

Lag Phase

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94
Q

Microogranism multiply since there is an ample supply of food

A

Log growth Phase

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95
Q

The point at which the food is largely depleted and food becomes the limiting factor in further growth

A

Declining growth Phase

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96
Q

Food = Microogranism -

A

Stationary Phase

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97
Q

The total mass of microoragnisms will slowly decrease

A

Endogenous Phase

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98
Q

It oxidizes organic matter utlizing the electron acceptors other than oxygen

A

Anaerobic Bacteria

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99
Q

It utilizes free oxygen as an electron acceptor

A

Aerobic Bacteria

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100
Q

It is most of the bacteria encountered in wastewater it can function in both anaerobic and aerobic environment

A

Facultative Bacteria

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101
Q

Denitrifying bacteria. Important in biological nitrate removal in treatment works

A

Pseudomonas

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102
Q

Helps through its slime production in the formation of flocs in aeration tanks

A

Zooglea

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103
Q

It cause sludge bulking in the aeration tanks

A

Sphaerotilus natans

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104
Q

Stores large amounts of phosphate under aerobic conditions and release it under anaerobic condition

A

Acinetobacter

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105
Q

Nitrifying bacteria that converts NH4 to NO2

A

Nitrosomonas

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106
Q

Transforms NO2 to NO3

A

Nitrobacter

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107
Q

Photosynthetic microorganisms that produce oxygen and organic cell mass from inorganic chemicals

A

Algae

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108
Q

They are single celled protists which reproduce by binary fission. These include amoebas, flagellates, and free-swimming stalked cilates which are important to sanitary engrs.

A

Protozoa

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109
Q

Multicellular nonphotosynthetic plants

A

Fungi

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110
Q

Simplest multicellular animals. Their presence is a good indication of the relative stability of a treated waste

A

Rotifers

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111
Q

They are rod shaped bacteria thriving inside the intestinal tract of a man

A

Coliform Organism

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112
Q

All aerobic, anaerobic, and facultative gram-negative, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacteria that ferment lactose with gas formation within 48 hrs

A

Total Coliform

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113
Q

Test procedure for determining the presence of coliform based on the ability of the coliform group to ferment lactose broth, producing gas

A

Presumptive test

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114
Q

Test procedure for determining the presence of coliform consist of growing cultures of coliform bacteria on media that supress the growth of other organisms

A

Confirmed test

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115
Q

An accepted method for determining the number of coliform organisms that is present in a given volume of water that has been used in a long time and is based on a statistical analysis of the number of positive and negative results obtained when testing multiple portions of equal volume and in portions constituting a geometric series for the presence of coliform

A

Most Probable Number

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116
Q

An accepted method for determining the number of coliform organisms that is accomplished by passing a known volume of water sample through a membrane filter that has a very small pore size

A

Membrane Filter Technique

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117
Q

Sample is taken at random with no particular time

A

Grab Sampling

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118
Q

It is a mixture of grab samples taken over a period of time, with the volume of individual samples

A

Composite sampling

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119
Q

Sample represents diversion of a small fraction of the total flow over some period of time

A

Continuous Sampling

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120
Q

The treatment or removal of contaminant is brought by the physical or mechanical sources

A

Unit Operation

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121
Q

The treatment occurs predominately due to chemical and biological reactions

A

Unit process

122
Q

Treatment methods in which the application of physical forces predominate

A

Physical unit operations

123
Q

It is an example of physical unit of operation wherein the racks or bar screens are the 1st step in WTP. They are used to remove large objects

A

Screening

124
Q

It is an example of physical unit of operation where it is used to remove heavy material such as sand, gravel, eggshell and etc.

A

Grit Removal

125
Q

It is an example of physical unit of operation where it is used to remove setteable solids

A

Primary sedimentation

126
Q

It is an example of physical unit of operation where it is used to polish the effluent. TSS and turbidity are removed

A

Filtration

127
Q

It is an example of physical unit of operation where it is a demineralized process applicable to production of high quality water from effluent

A

Reverse Osmosis/Ultrafiltration

128
Q

Treatment methods in which the removal or conversion of contaminants is brought about by the addition of chemicals or other chemical reactions

A

Chemical Unit Processes

129
Q

An example of chemical unit process where the treatment is accomplished by producing a chemical precipitate that will settle

A

Chemical Precipitation

130
Q

An example of chemical unit process where the removal of specific compounds from the wastewater on solid surfaces using the removal of specific compounds from the wastewater on solid surfaces using the attraction between bodies

A

Adsorption

131
Q

An example of chemical unit process where it is used to reduce the number of water borne pathogens in the effluent

A

Disinfection

132
Q

An example of chemical unit process where ammonia nitrogen is oxidized to nitrogen gas in a mixing basin

A

Break point chlorination

133
Q

Treatment methods where the removal of contaminants is brought about biological activity of action of microorganisms

A

Biological unit process

134
Q

An example of biological unit process where it is used to removed dissolved organics. The principal variation is activated sludge

A

Suspended growth biological reactor

135
Q

An example of biological unit process where it is used to removed dissolved organics. The principal variation is trickling filter

A

Attached growth biological reactor

136
Q

An example of biological unit process where the process is used to convert ammonia to nitrate. Achieved in suspended or attached biological reactor

A

Nitrification

137
Q

An example of biological unit process where the nitrite and nitrate are reduced to nitrogen gas by microorganisms. Achieved under anaerobic conditions in suspended or attached growth biological reactor

A

Denitrification

138
Q

It is a graphical representation of a particular combination of unit operation and processes

A

Flowsheet

139
Q

Key criteria used as a basis for sizing the individual unit operation and processes

A

Process loading criteria

140
Q

It is determined by identifying the quantities of solids entering and leaving each unit operation

A

Solid balance

141
Q

It is used to identify the elevation of the free surface of the WW

A

Hydraulic profile

142
Q

It is the spatial arrangement of the physical facilities of the treatment plant in the flowsheet

A

Plant layout

143
Q

Elements of Plant Analysis and design `

A

Flowsheet, Process loading criteria, solid balance, hydraulic profile, and plant layout

144
Q

It provides protection to WTP equipment

A

Preliminary Treatment

145
Q

The part of the preliminary treatment where it is used for the removal of coarse and setteable solids by inception

A

Screening

146
Q

A type of screen that is composed of parallel bars or rods which maybe hand cleaned or mechanically cleaned

A

Racks/Bar screens

147
Q

A type of screen that is a wire/cloth mesh

A

Fine screens

148
Q

It is the average flow rate over a period of time

A

Average Daily Flow rate

149
Q

Highest flow rate measure in 24h period

A

Peak Hourly Flow rate

150
Q

Maximum daily design flow over a period of time

A

Maximum daily flow rate

151
Q

The part of the preliminary treatment where the grinding of coarse solids turn into a more or less uniform size

A

Solids grinding/Comminution

152
Q

It is a combination of a bar screen and comminutor.

A

Barminutor

153
Q

Devices that are used to cut up solids in wastewater

A

Comminutor

154
Q

It is an enlarged channel where the velocity of wastewater flow is controlled to allow only the heavier solids to settle

A

Grit chamber

155
Q

Maintains a constant volumetric flow of wastewater from pre-treatment to other downstream operation

A

Equalization basin

156
Q

It provides tools for modeling the production, transport and fate of pollutants in the environment; Mathematical representation of the Law of conservation of matter

A

Mass Balances

157
Q

It is a tool for modeling the production, transport and fate of energy in the environment; Mathematical representation of the Law of conservation of energy

A

Energy balance

158
Q

They are significant tools in understanding and in scientific qualification of the behavior of environmental systems

A

Mass Balance and Energy balance

159
Q

The tanks in which physical, chemical and biochemical reactions occur

A

Reactors

160
Q

A specific region of space which has boundaries across which the terms min and mout are determined

A

Control Volume

161
Q

The rate at which mass enter or leaves the system

A

Mass flux

162
Q

It means that the properties of the system do not change with time

A

Steady State

163
Q

It means the mass is in the control volume which varies in time

A

Non-steady state

164
Q

The pollutant does not change form over time; no reactions

A

Conservative Pollutant

165
Q

The pollutant changes over time due to the chemical, physical or biological reactions

A

Non-conservative Pollutant

166
Q

It is the reaction rate that is due to the biological degradation

A

Decay Rate

167
Q

Time dependent reactions

A

Kinetic Reactions

168
Q

They have no chemical formation or loss within the control volume

A

Conservative

169
Q

The rate of loss of the compound is constant

A

Zero-order decay Rate

170
Q

It is defined as the time required for the concentration of a chemical to decrease by one-half

A

Half-life

171
Q

It refers to the use of mass balances to analyze pollutant concentrations in a control volume that is either a chemical or a natural system modeled as a chemical reactor

A

Reactor Analysis

172
Q

Three general types of reactors in water and wastewater treatment

A

Batch Reactor, Plug flow reactor, and Continuous-Flow Stirred tank reactor

173
Q

It is a type of reactor that is fully mixed reactor with no flow in or out of the reactor

A

Batch Reactor

174
Q

It is a type of reactor that is used to model the chemical transformation of compounds as they are transported in systems resembling pipes

A

Plug Flow Reactor

175
Q

It is a type of reactor with flow through and that is completely mixed. It is immediately mixed throughout the entire volume of the reactor

A

Continuous-Flow Reactor

176
Q

It is the first process in the wastewater treatment plant to remove a significant fraction of organic particulate matter

A

Primary Treatment

177
Q

It consists of grease, oil, plastic. leaves, rags, hair, and other floatable material

A

Scum

178
Q

Primary treatment removal efficiency of setteable solids

A

90-95%

179
Q

Primary treatment removal efficiency of suspended solids

A

50-65%

180
Q

Primary treatment removal efficiency of BOD

A

20-35%

181
Q

It is the oldest and most widely used unit operation in wastewater treatment. It is the process used in both primary and secondary wastewater treatment that takes place when gravity pulls particles to the bottom of a tank

A

Sedimentation

182
Q

The objective of this treatment is to remove readily available setteable solids and floating materials and thus reduce the suspended solid content

A

Primary Sedimentation

183
Q

A type of sedimentation tank that serves as combined settling and skimming tanks and as an unheated unmixed anaerobic digester

A

Septic Tank

184
Q

A type of sedimentation tank that is similar to a septic tank in the removal of setteable solids and the anaerobic digestion of solids.

A

Two Story (Imhoff) Tank

185
Q

A type of sedimentation tank that optimizes the settling process. Sludge is removed from the tank for processing in other downstream treatment units

A

Plain Settling Tanks (Clarifiers)

186
Q

In this type of tank wastewater is introduced either in the center or around the periphery, center feed type and is more commonly used

A

Circular Tanks

187
Q

It is a type of clarifier where the solids settle to the bottom of a clarifier and is usually scraped to one end

A

Rectangular Clarifier

188
Q

The part of a circular clarifier that stops the flow to the center

A

Influent control gate

189
Q

The part of a circular clarifier that transports wastewater to the clarifier

A

Influent channel

190
Q

The part of a circular clarifier that receives the flow from the influent pipe, reduces flow velocities and distributes

A

Influent well

191
Q

The part of a circular clarifier that ensures equal flow

A

Effluent weir

192
Q

The part of a circular clarifier that collects the settled wastewater

A

Effluent trough

193
Q

The part of a circular clarifier that skims or collects floating materials

A

Skum Skimmer Arm

194
Q

The part of a circular clarifier that allows the collected scum to flow from the skimmer box to a scum tank or a pump

A

Scum pipe

195
Q

The part of a circular clarifier that causes the collector to rotate

A

Drive Unit

196
Q

The part of a circular clarifier that transmit power to drive unit to the sludge collector pit or sump

A

Sludge collector mechanism

197
Q

The part of a circular clarifier that scrapes sludge from bottom clarifier to sump

A

Blades and Scraper Squeegees

198
Q

The part of a circular clarifier that collects the sludge before the withdrawal

A

Sump

199
Q

The part of a circular clarifier that removes the sludge from the clarifier and usually connected to a sludge pump

A

Sludge withdrawal pipe

200
Q

Factors affecting the settling of solids

A

Time, volume, flowrate and types of solids and characteristics of wastewater

201
Q

A type of settling phenomena in wastewater where the particles settle without the interaction and occurs under low solids concentration

A

Discrete

202
Q

A type of settling phenomena in wastewater where particles literally settle independently but causes the solid to change in form in the depth of the clarification unit

A

Flocculant

203
Q

A type of settling phenomena in wastewater where forces are sufficient to hinder settling of neighboring particles

A

Hindered or zone

204
Q

A type of settling phenomena in wastewater where the particle concentration is so high

A

Compression

205
Q

It is a natural force that has natural repelling force that holds particles in suspension

A

Zeta Potential

206
Q

It is a natural force that has a natural attracting forces that we want to enhance

A

Van der Waals

207
Q

It is defined as Flow rate over Surface Area

A

Surface loading Rate

208
Q

It is the amount of water leaving the settling tank per linear foot of water; Flowrate over Weir Length

A

Weir overflow rate

209
Q

It is the period of time that a water or wastewater flow is retained in a basin, tank, or reservoir; Volume of Tank over Flow Rate

A

Detention Time

210
Q

It is used to indicate the amount of solids that can be removed daily by a clarifier for each square foot of clarifier liquid surface area

A

Solids loading

211
Q

Air bubbles are added or caused to form

A

Flotation

212
Q

It is the injection of air while the liquid is under pressure of several atmospheres

A

Dissolved air flotation

213
Q

It is where air bubbles are formed by introducing the gas phase directly into the liquid phase

A

Dispersed air flotation

214
Q

It is the saturation with air at atmospheric pressure

A

Vacuum Air Flotation

215
Q

A type of secondary treatment where activated sludge process is present

A

Suspended Growth Biological Treatment

216
Q

A type of secondary treatment where trickling filter and rotating biological contactor is present

A

Attached Growth Biological Treatment

217
Q

A type of reaction where the reactants are distributed uniformly throughout the fluid

A

Homogeneous Reaction

218
Q

A type of reaction that occurs between one or more constituents that can be identified with specific sites

A

Heterogeneous Reaction

219
Q

The principal type of reactor where the flow is neither entering nor leaving the reactor

A

Batch

220
Q

The principal type of reactor where the fluid passes through the tank and are discharged in the same sequence in which they enter

A

Plug-flow or Tubular Flow

221
Q

The principal type of reactor where the reactants are entering the reactor and the products are flowing out from the reactor are considered to be continuous

A

Continuous-flow stirred tank reactor

222
Q

The principal type of reactor where any degree of partial mixing between plug flow and complete mix

A

Arbitrary flow reactor

223
Q

The principal type of reactor where it is filled with inert packing media for the growth of biomass

A

Packed bed reactor

224
Q

The principal type of reactor where it is filled with the packing material that expands and gets fluidized when the wastewater moves upward in the reactor

A

Fluidized bed reactor

225
Q

It is a combination of attached growth and suspended growth

A

Fluidized bed biofilm reactor (FBBR)

226
Q

A type of FBBR where biomass is grown inside polyester foam pads and pads can be periodically removed and biomass can be squeezed

A

Captor

227
Q

A type of FBBR where sand particles are used as support medium and sand is allowed to overflow and is cleaned and then recycled

A

Oxitron

228
Q

It is a treatment wherein to remove the soluble BOD that escapes primary treatment that utilizes microoraganisms to provide further removal of the suspended solids

A

Secondary Treatment

229
Q

One of the two basic approaches to biological treatment wherein the organisms and wastewater are mixed together

A

Suspended growth reactors

230
Q

One of the two basic approaches to biological treatment wherein the organisms are stuck to a support structure and the wastewater is passed over the organism

A

Attached growth Reactor

231
Q

It is a biological treatment process which speeds up the waste decomposition

A

Activated sludge process

232
Q

It is sludge that produced in wastewater in the growth of the aeration tanks

A

Activated sludge

233
Q

They created the activated sludge process in May 3, 1914

A

Adern and Lockett

234
Q

A process wherein the microorganisms derive energy from carbonaceous organic matter in aerated wastewater for the production of the new cells

A

Synthesis

235
Q

It is the releasing of energy through the conversion of this organic matter into compounds that contain lower energy such as carbon dioxide and water

A

Respiration

236
Q

Microorganism obtain energy by converting ammonia nitrogen to oxygen

A

Nitrification

237
Q

A physical component of activated sludge where the biological reactions occur

A

Aeration Tanks

238
Q

A physical component of activated sludge where it may be provided by pure oxygen, compressed air, or mechanical aeration that provides oxygen and mixing

A

Aeration Source

239
Q

A physical component of activated sludge where the activated sludge solids separate from the surrounding wastewater by the process of flocculation and gravity sedimentation

A

Secondary Clarifier

240
Q

A physical component of activated sludge where it must be collected from the secondary clarifiers and pumped back to the aeration tanks before the dissolved oxygen is depleted

A

Returned Activated Sludge System

241
Q

A physical component of activated sludge where the activated sludge contains an overabundance of microorganisms which must be removed or wasted w/ the use of the pump

A

Waste Activated Sludge System

242
Q

It is the mixture of activated sludge and the wastewater in the aeration tank

A

Mixed liquor

243
Q

It is the concentration of suspended solids in activated sludge mixed liquor that can be driven off by combustion at 550 C which indicates the concentration of microorganism available for biological oxidation

A

Mixed liquor volatile suspended solids

244
Q

It is also called soilds retention time where the average amount of time that microorganisms are kept in the system

A

Mean cell residence time

245
Q

It is where the oxygen transfer efficiency is accomplished by mixing pressurized air and with water within a jet nozzle and then discharging the air-liquid into the tank

A

Jet Aeration

246
Q

It is the aeration source where it is either surface or submerged

A

Mechanical Aerators

247
Q

It is a type of mechanical aerator where oxygen is entrained from the atmosphere

A

Surface Aerators

248
Q

It is a type of mechanical aerator where the oxygen is entrained both from the atmosphere and from air or pure oxygen introduced at the bottom of the tank

A

Submerged Aerator

249
Q

It is an aeration source that is designed to produce fine, medium, or coarse bubbles

A

Diffusers

250
Q

Sludge particles produced in wastewater by the growth organisms in aeration tanks

A

Activated Sludge

251
Q

A condition where oxygen is present

A

Aerobic

252
Q

Sludge that forms clouds in the secondary clarifiers when the sludge does not settle properly caused by filamentous bacteria

A

Bulking

253
Q

Biological conversion of the carbonaceous organic matter in wastewater to cell tissue and various gaseous end products

A

Carbonaceous BOD Removal

254
Q

Clumps to bacteria

A

Floc

255
Q

Agitating wastewater to introduce the small, suspended particles to bunch together into heavier particles and settle out

A

Flocculation

256
Q

A quantity of material added to the process at one time

A

Loading

257
Q

Activated sludge mixed with raw wastewater

A

Mixed liquor

258
Q

Pre-manufactured treatment facility small communities to treat wastewater

A

Package plant

259
Q

The solids that settle out during the process

A

Sludge

260
Q

To denote the organic matter or nutrients that are converted during biological treatment or that may be limiting in biological treatments

A

Substrate

261
Q

The liquid that is removed from the settled sludge

A

Supernatant

262
Q

Removing excess microorganisms from the system

A

Wasting

263
Q

Microorganisms that must have oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. When wastewater contains oxygen and can support it

A

Obligate aerobes

264
Q

Microorganisms that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen. They cannot use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor

A

Obligate Anaerobes

265
Q

Can use oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor and under certain conditions, the can also grow in the absence of oxygen

A

Facultative Anaerobes

266
Q

A group of facultative anaerobes called denitifiers utilizes nitrite, nitrates, as the terminal electron acceptor

A

Anoxic Microorganism

267
Q

The process wherein nitrite nitrogen is converted to nitrogen gas in the absence of oxygen

A

Anoxic Denitrification

268
Q

It releases energy via the conversion of organic matter into compounds

A

Heterotrophic

269
Q

When in activated sludge it reduces oxidized carbon compounds such as carbon dioxide for cell growth. These bacteria obtain their energy by oxidizing ammonia nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen in a two stage conversion process known as nitrification

A

Autotrophic bacteria

270
Q

bacteria that convert ammonia (NH3) to Nitrogen Nitrite (NO2) Nitrogen

A

Nitrosomonas

271
Q

Bacteria convert Nitrite Nitrogen to Nitrate Nitrogen

A

Nitrobacter

272
Q

They are able to use light as energy source

A

Phototrophs

273
Q

Chemical reactions as energy source

A

Chemotrophs

274
Q

Obtain energy from the oxidation of reduced inorganic compounds

A

Chemoautotrophs

275
Q

Obtain energy from the oxidation of organic compounds

A

Chemoheterotrophs

276
Q

it refers to all the chemical reactions occurring within a cell

A

Metabolism

277
Q

Any molecule that is a nutrient

A

Metabolite

278
Q

A category of metabolic reactions that involves the breaking of binds and whenever chemical bonds are broken energy is released

A

Catabolism

279
Q

A category of metabolic reactions that involve the creation of bond, it takes energy to make chemical bonds

A

Anabolism

280
Q

A series of linked biochemical reactions that occur in a stepwise manner

A

Biochemical Pathways

281
Q

Organism that generate energy by enzyme-mediated electron transport to an external electron acceptor

A

Respiratory metabolism

282
Q

Internal electron acceptor is used and it is less efficient energy yielding process compared to respiration

A

Fermentive metabolism

283
Q

The use of NO2 or NO3 for electron acceptors under anaerobic conditions

A

Anoxic

284
Q

When they can use O2 or NO2/No3 as electron acceptor when O2 is not available

A

Facultative Aerobic

285
Q

Organism that can generate energy by fermentation and can exist in either the presence or absence of molecular oxygen

A

Facultative Anaerobic

286
Q

They can shift from fermentive to aerobic respiratory metabolism

A

True Facultative Anaerobes

287
Q

They have a strictly fermentive metabolism and are relatively insensitive to the presence of molecular oxygen

A

Aerotolerant Anaerobes

288
Q

organic catalysts produced by the living cell. They are proteins or protein combined with either inorganic or organic molecule

A

Enzymes

289
Q

It is the conversion of substrate that can be transported into the cell

A

Extracellular Enzyme

290
Q

It is involved in synthesis and energy reactions within the cell

A

Intracellular

291
Q

It refers to amount of water entering the aeration tank.

A

Hydraulic Load

292
Q

Its to maintain a sufficient concentration of activated sludge in the aeration tank

A

Return-sludge Requirement

293
Q

30 minutes of settling of a liter sample of mixed liquor in a graduated cylinder

A

Settleability Testing

294
Q

It is the accumulation of settled sludge in the clarifier

A

Sludge blanket

295
Q

They are usually found in systems with long aeration periods

A

Rotifers and nematodes

296
Q

The predominate in young sludges

A

Amoeboids

297
Q

They are free swimmers and pre-dominate in liquid mixed liquors

A

Flagellates

298
Q

They predominate as the Food:Microbe ratio decrease

A

Free-swimming Ciliates

299
Q

They can cause the sludge not to settle properly

A

Filamentous Bacteria

300
Q

Consists of an aeration tank, a secondary clarifier and a sludge recycle line

A

Conventional Plug-flow Activated Sludge

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