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BIOCHEMISTRY Q1 > Water-Soluble Vitamins > Flashcards

Water-Soluble Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

absorption of water-soluble vitamins

A

intestinal capillaries (except B12)

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2
Q

transport of water-soluble vitamins

A

plasma (expect B12 and folate)

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3
Q

water-soluble vitamins function as

A

coenzymes and antioxidants

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4
Q

humans make what water-soluble vitamin

A

niacin (B3)

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5
Q

intestinal bacteria make what water-soluble vitamin

A

biotin (B7)

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6
Q

vitamin form and BAF of Vitamin C

A

asorbic acid

dehydroasorbic acid

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7
Q

absorption of Vitamin C

A

distal small intestine

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8
Q

excess Vitamin C removed by

A

kidneys

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9
Q

functions of vitamin C

A

collagen synthesis (hydroxyproline.hydroxylysine
neurotransmitter synthesis (NE, thyroxin)
prostaglandin metabolism
immune function
iron/copper reactions
wound healing
blood vessel health

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10
Q

Vitamin C deficiency

A

scurvy

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11
Q 
symptoms:
swollen/bleeding gums
loosened teeth
weak CT
slow wound healing
susceptibility to infection
corkscrew hair
incomplete Fe absorption
anemia
death
A

deficiency:

Vitamin C

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12
Q

symptoms:
urate stones
cardiac arrhythmia

A

toxicity:

Vitamin C

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13
Q

B-Complex Vitamins

A 
B1
B2
B3
B5
B6
B7
B9
B12
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14
Q

Vitamins needed to make/duplicate DNA

A

B12 and folate

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15
Q

energy metabolism and cell division require what vitamins

A

B vitamins

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16
Q

B vitamins are converted into coenzyme forms in the body

A

intestinal mucosa (and/or liver)

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17
Q

B vitamins are stored in the body where

A

muscle and internal organs (esp. heart, liver, kidneys)

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18
Q

what B vitamin requires binding sites for ACTIVE absorption

A

B12

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19
Q

BAF (B1)

A

thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)

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20
Q

berberi

A

deficiency B1

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21
Q

continuous supplementation required as this vitamin has limited tissue storage

A

B1

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22
Q

cofactor for AA and CHO metabolism

A

B1

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23
Q 
symptoms:
anorexia
weight loss
confusion
muscle wasting
weakness
A

berberi (B1 deficieny)

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24
Q 
symptoms:
nervousness
tachycardia
SOB
perspiration
A

toxicity:

B1

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25
Q

BAF (riboflavin)

A

FMN (flavin mononucleotide)
FMNH2
FAD (flavin-adenine dinucleotide)
FADH2

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26
Q

functions of B2

A

neurotransmitter metabolism:
MAO (flavoprotein)

purine nucleotide metabolism:
xanthine oxidase (flavoprotein)

cellular metabolism, oxidation-reduction reactions, electron transporter

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27
Q 
symptoms:
angular stomatitis
cheilosis
glossitis
sore throat
photophobia
normochromic anemia
A

deficiency:

B2

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28
Q

BAF (niacin)

A

NAD
NADH
NADP
NADPH

29
Q

B3 is synthesized from what

A

tryptophan

30
Q

60 mg tryptophan yields

A

1 mg of niacin

31
Q

vitamins required for cell division and growth

A

B3 and B9

32
Q

The bioactive form of B3 is required in what reactions

A 
post-glycolysis
glycolysis
kreb's cycle
B-oxidation
nucleotide & FA metabolism
cell division and growth
33
Q

what enzymes require B3

A

dehydrogenases

34
Q

raw skin

A

pellagra (niacin deficiency)

35
Q 
symptoms:
dermatitis
diarrhea
dementia
death

glossitis

anxiety, disorientation, seizures

A

deficiency:

pellagra (B3)

36
Q 
symptoms:
nausea, stomach pain, diarrhea
histamine release
hepatotoxicity
uric acid secretions
cardiac arrythmia 
rash, pruritis, hyperkeratosis, acanthosis nigricans
hyperglycemia
A

toxicity:

B3

37
Q

BAF (pantothenic acid)

A

part of CoASH

pantetheine (fatty acid synthesis)

38
Q

functions of B5

A 
acetylation reactions (acetyl-CoA in dehydrogenase reactions and FA oxidation)
synthesis of:
A and D
cholesterol
fatty acids
proteins
steroids
porphyrins
39
Q

symptoms:
burning feet syndrome (paresthesias/dysesthesias)
nausea, vomiting, cramping
growth failure, hemorrhage, necrosis of adrenal cortex, dermatitis, achromotrichia (grey hair)

A

deficiency:

B5 (rare)

40
Q

where is CoASH converted

A

liver

41
Q

vitamin form B6

A

pyridoxine
pyridoxal
pyridoxamine

42
Q

toxicity of water-soluble vitamins is rare with the exception of

A

B3

43
Q

where is B12 excreted

A

B12 (has some insoluble characterisitics)

44
Q

which water-soluble vitamin needs to phosphorylated twice

A

TPP

45
Q

vitamin needed for AA metabolism

A

B6

46
Q

vitamin needed for FAs metabolism

A

B5

47
Q

cofactor for acetylation reactions

A

B5

48
Q

synthesis of A, D, cholesterol, FAs, PROs, steroids and poryphorins

A

B5

49
Q

think CoA

A

B5

50
Q

functions of B6

A 
transanimation and decarboxylation of AA
gluconeogenesis
formation of serotonin from tryptophan
synthesis of lecithin, RNA, sphingolipids, heme
immune function IL2
steroid hormone modulation
heme from succinyl-CoA
glycine and sphingosine from serine
decarboxylation of glutamic acid to form GABA
51
Q 
symptoms:
weakness
convulsions
dermatitis
stomatitis
irritability, confusion, depression 
iron-loading microcytic anemia
sideroblastic anemia
oxalate kidney stones 
increased Hcy
A

deficiency:

B6

52
Q

in B6 deficiency, tryptophan cannot be converted to what water-soluble vitamin (endogenously produced)

A

B3 deficiency > pellagra

53
Q 
symptoms:
peripheral neuropathy
dermatoses
photosensitivity
dizziness
nausea
A

toxicity:

B6

54
Q

carboxylase enzymes require

A

biotin (B7)

55
Q 
functions:
energy production (propionyl carboxylase)
gluconeogenesis (pyruvate carboxylase)
FA biosynthesis (acetyl-CoA carboxylase)
A

B7

56
Q 
symptom:
seborrheic dermatitis
anorexia
seizure
metabolic acidosis/organic aciduria
dry scaly skin, loss of appetite, weakness, muscle pain, insomnia
defect in metabolism of long-chain FAs
A

deficiency:

B7

57
Q

megaloblastic, macrocytic anemia

A

folate, B12

58
Q 
functions:
carrier of one carbon group
synthesis of NAs and protein
cell division and growth 
serine to glycine 
synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides
histidine metabolism
A

folate (B9)

59
Q 
symptoms:
poor growth
megaloblastic-macrocytic anemia (poorly differentiated RBCs from bone marrow-low hemoglobin)
tropical sprue (degeneration of villi)
impaired synthesis of DNA/RNA
homocystinemia
neural tube defects
A

deficiency:

B9

60
Q 
symptoms:
masks B12 deficiency - neurological disorders
insomnia
anti-methrotrexate
GI disturbances
A

toxicity:

B12

61
Q

BAF (B9)

A

dihyrdofolate

tetrahydrofolate

62
Q

BAF (B12)

A

methylcobalamin
5’-deoxyadenosylcobalamin

only vitamin that requires a mineral

63
Q

vitamin form B12

A

cobalamin

anti-pernicious anemia factor

64
Q

functions of B12

A

energy production
cell division
hemopoiesis
nerve integrity and function

65
Q

methotrexate blocks

A

dihydrofolate reductase

66
Q

absorption of B12 requires

A

intrinsinc factor and Ca++

67
Q

B12 transport

A

transcobalamin I and II

68
Q

pernicious anemia

A

lack of intrinsic factor

69
Q

symptoms:
lemon colored skin
shiny tongue (atrophic glossitis)
mentally sluggish

A

pernicious anemia

BIOCHEMISTRY Q1 (11 decks)

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