Water Soluble Vitamins

Question 1

B1

Answer 1

Thiamine

Question 2

B2

Answer 2

Riboflavin

Question 3

B3

Answer 3

Niacin

Question 4

B5

Answer 4

Pantothenate

Question 5

B6

Answer 5

Pyridoxine

Question 6

B7

Answer 6

Biotin

Question 7

B9

Answer 7

Folic acid

Question 8

B12

Answer 8

cobalamin

Question 9

Active form of B1

Answer 9

Thiamine pyrophosphate

Question 10

Describe a deficiency in Thiamine

Answer 10

• Damage to medial thalamus and mammillary bodies of posterior hypothalamus
• Generalized cerebral atrophy
• Wernicke-Korsakoff
• Beriberi

Question 11

What are the 2 types of Beriberi

Answer 11

Dry and Wet

Question 12

Describe Dry Beriberi

Answer 12

• Nerves
• Peripheral neuropathy: toe, wrist, foot drop
• Muscle weakness
• Hypo and areflexia

Question 13

Describe Wet Beriberi

Answer 13

• Heart
• Peripheral vasodilation
• high output heart failure
• Peripheral edema
• Cardiomegaly

Question 14

Treatment of Thiamine deficiency

Answer 14

-give Thiamine BEFORE glucose

Question 15

Describe the functions of Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)

Answer 15

• Flavin mononucleotide (FMN)
• Flavin Adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
• Both cofactors for redox reactions . . Dehydrogenase enzymes

Question 16

Describe a deficiency in vitamin B2 (riboflavin)

Answer 16

• Dermatitis
• Angular stomatitis
• Glossitis

Question 17

Importance of Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

Answer 17

• Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
• NADP
• important in redox reactions
• Derived from Tryptophan

Question 18

Deficiency in vitamin B3 is called what?

What are the symptoms?

Answer 18

• Pellagra
• 3 D’s
• Dermatitis
• Diarrhea
• Dementia

Question 19

What can cause pellagra?

Answer 19

• Hartnup Disease: decrease in Tryptophan absorption
• Malignant Carcinoid syndrome: increase in tryptophan metabolism
• INH (isoniazid): inhibits B6 and B3

Question 20

Vitamin B5 (pantothenate) is a compound of what

Answer 20

coenzyme A

Question 21

Deficiency of Vitamin B5 causes what

Answer 21

• Dermatitis
• Enteritis
• Alopecia
• Adrenal insufficiency

Question 22

Functions of Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

Answer 22

• Pyridoxal phosphate
• Coenzyme for many enzymes (transaminases and deaminases)
• Conversion of amino acid precursors

Question 23

Describe Vitamin B6 deficiency

Answer 23

• Similar to riboflavin
• Angular Cheilosis
• Glossitis
• Convulsions and peripheral neuropathy (necessary for creation of GABA)
• INH can induce deficiency

Question 24

Function of Vitamin B7

Answer 24

-Apoenzyme for carboxylation reactions . . adding CO2 to something

Question 25

Describe Vitamin B7 deficiency

Answer 25

- Avidin (in eggwhites) prevents absorption of biotin | - Antibiotics

Question 26

Function of vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)

Answer 26

- Synthesis and repair of DNA (purines and pyrimidines) - Rapid cell division and growth - Biologically active form: Tetrahydrofolate

Question 27

What can cause Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid) deficiency

Answer 27

- Medications: Phenytoin, Sulfonamides, TMP, MTX - Malnutrition - Pregnancy: rapid growth of fetus

Question 28

What can Vitamin B9 (folic acid) deficiency cause

Answer 28

- Neural tube defect - Growth failure - Megaloblastic anemia - Glossitis - Diarrhea - Depression - Confusion

Question 29

Describe Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) deficiency

Answer 29

- Anemia: megaloblastic, Hypersegmented Neutrophils | - Neurological symptoms: paresthesias, ataxia, Memory loss, dementia, severe weakness

Question 30

Where is Vitamin B12 found

Answer 30

- Found in animal products | - Supplementation needed for strict vegetarians or vegans