Energy Metabolism Flashcards
What is the landmark for a pudendal nerve block
-palpate for ischial spine
Which enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step in carbohydrate digestion?
-Oligosaccharide hydrolases at the intestinal brush border
Which vitamin deficiency results from Hartnup disease
Niacin (B3) deficiency
What are the 4 end products of pyruvate
- Alanine
- Acetyl-CoA
- Lactate
- Oxaloacetate
What are the 4 B vitamins needed to make cofactors for Pyruvate dehydrogenase?
- B1 (Thiamine)
- B2 (riboflavin)
- B3 (Niacin)
- B5 (Pantothenic acid)
What converts Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Pyruvate dehydrogenase is heavily regulated and requires a lot of cofactors. What are the cofactors and the B vitamins that contribute to each
“TLC For Nobody”
- Thiamine pyrophosphate (vit B1)
- Lipoic acid
- Coenzyme A (vit B5)
- FAD (Vit B2)
- NAD+ (Vit B3)
What cofactors are needed for alpha-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in the TCA cycle
Same as pyruvate dehydrogenase
Describe what Arsenic inhibits and what it presents with
- lipoic acid
- Garlic breath
- Vomiting
- Rice-Water stools
Describe Pyruvate Dehyrogenase deficiency
- X-linked or aquired
- Arenic exposure
- B vitamin deficiency
What is the treatment for pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
- Vit supplementation
- High fat diet
- Ketogenic amino acids (Lysine and Leucine)
What is complex I of the electron transport chain and what can inhibit it?
- NADH reductase
- Amytal (barbituate)
- Rotenone (Fish poison or insecticide)
- MPP
What is complex III of the electron transport chain and what can inhibit it?
- Cytochrome b + c1
- Antimycin A (fish poison)
What inhibits complex IV of the electron transport chain
- Cyanide
- Sodium Azide (N3-)
- CO
- H2S
What inhibits the ATPase at the end of the elctron transport chain
Oligomycin (macrolide)
