Water - soluble vitamins Flashcards
What is the chemical name and functions for vitamin B1
Vitamin B1 is known as thiamin
- aid energy production and biosynthesis of important compounds and substances (oxidation and metabolism of nutrients)
- in cell respiration b1 assists with the conversion of energy to glucose and the release of it into the body
- normal growth and functioning of the immune system
- normal nerve tone
- healthy heart, brain and muscles
What are the sources of vitamin b1
- offal
- veg
wholewheat flour - brown rice
What are the deficiencies of vitamin b1
beri-beri (wet and dry) - severe emancipation and oedema, degernation of the nervous system, loss of sensation in hands and feet
wernike Korsakoff - alcoholics syndrome, rapid jerky eye movements, unsteadiness and loss of memory
Tell me about excess of b1
b1 Is not stored In the body and therefore is excreted in the urine, however an excessive amount can be toxic and cause symptoms like insomnia, headaches and irritability - excessive supplement users
What are the functions of vitamin B2
- formation of red blood cells -
- goof for growth of skin, nails and hair
- oxidation of glucose
- repair and maintenance of body tissues and mucous membranes
- release of energy
- useful In food colouring
What are the sources of b2
- milk
-potatoes - meat
-cheese
Deficiencies if b2
- sore and inflamed lips and mouth, mouth cracked at the corners, burning lips
- sore, itchy eyes sensitivity to light
- oily skin, could be dermatitis
- anaemia
any excess?
no adverse effects of excess
what are the functions of b3?
- niacin helps to release energy in conjunction with b1 and b2 ie.it forms part of an enzyme system concerned with the oxidation of glucose and the release if energy
- essential for health skin, eyes, mouth, muscle tone, digestive tract and nervous sytstem
- releases stress and sex hormones
- helps rid the body of toxic substances and toxic chemicals
- helps lower blood lipid levels - can be used in the treatment of hyperlipodemia
sources? of b3
- milk
- potatoes
- meat
- cheese
deficiencies of b3
Raw beef tounges
- pellagra
dementia - advanced pellagra can cause sleep problems, anxiety, hallucinations
- dermititus - affects parts of the body exposed to sunlight
- diahoeraa - lining of the gastrointestinal tract is imfalmmed caused heartburn, indigestion and diaherra
Vitamin B6
- catalyst or cofactor of amino acid metabolism
- catalyst or cofactor of transmission reactions ie removing the dispensable aa from indispensable amino acids
- formation of red blood cells
Along with b12 and folate it reduces levels of homocysteine in the body - removes carcinogens in the oesophagus
- b6 and folate interact with the synthesis of DNA
Sources of b6
liver, egg, green leafy veg, wholegrain cereals, pulses and fruits
deficicecies of b6
- anaemia
- drugs used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, and epilepsy
- vegans
Why do chemists no longer give high does of b6 in supplementation
- affects nervous system
functions of b12 - cobalamin
- together with folate, b6 and b9 needed for DNA synthesis and cell division
- formation of nerve sheaths
- formation of red blood cells
sources of b12
- eggs
- meat
- fortified b cereals
- fish
deficiencies of b12
- pernicious anaemia due to poor absorbance of b12
- megaloblastic due to poor cell division
- neurological complications, degeneration of the nervous tract and spinal chord
Are the excess known?
no, they are unknown
what are the function of vitamin C
- Inhibits nitrosanimes formation in the stomach and this prevents nitrates turing into carcinogens
- absorption of non-harm iron in the gut
- antioxidant vitmain
- builds resistance to infect and plays a role in wound healing
-reuired for the metabolism of thyrosine - required for the hydroxylation of proline and lysine which is needed for normal collegen
source of vitamin c
- new potatoes
- blackberries
- stawrberries
- green peppers
deficiencies of vitamin c
scurvy and anaemia
what are the functions of folic acid
- synthesis of DNA
- amino acid metabolism
- helps form re blood cells
- folate can help reduce the risk of neural tube defects in babiess e.g spina bifida - before conception, during and up to 12 weeks of pregnancy
sources of folate
fortified breakfast cereals
- green leafy veg
- mushrooms
- nuts
