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nutrition and food science > Water - soluble vitamins > Flashcards

Water - soluble vitamins Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the chemical name and functions for vitamin B1

A

Vitamin B1 is known as thiamin
- aid energy production and biosynthesis of important compounds and substances (oxidation and metabolism of nutrients)
- in cell respiration b1 assists with the conversion of energy to glucose and the release of it into the body
- normal growth and functioning of the immune system
- normal nerve tone
- healthy heart, brain and muscles

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2
Q

What are the sources of vitamin b1

A
  • offal
  • veg
    wholewheat flour
  • brown rice
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3
Q

What are the deficiencies of vitamin b1

A

beri-beri (wet and dry) - severe emancipation and oedema, degernation of the nervous system, loss of sensation in hands and feet
wernike Korsakoff - alcoholics syndrome, rapid jerky eye movements, unsteadiness and loss of memory

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4
Q

Tell me about excess of b1

A

b1 Is not stored In the body and therefore is excreted in the urine, however an excessive amount can be toxic and cause symptoms like insomnia, headaches and irritability - excessive supplement users

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5
Q

What are the functions of vitamin B2

A
  • formation of red blood cells -
  • goof for growth of skin, nails and hair
  • oxidation of glucose
  • repair and maintenance of body tissues and mucous membranes
  • release of energy
  • useful In food colouring
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6
Q

What are the sources of b2

A
  • milk
    -potatoes
  • meat
    -cheese
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7
Q

Deficiencies if b2

A
  • sore and inflamed lips and mouth, mouth cracked at the corners, burning lips
  • sore, itchy eyes sensitivity to light
  • oily skin, could be dermatitis
  • anaemia
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8
Q

any excess?

A

no adverse effects of excess

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9
Q

what are the functions of b3?

A
  • niacin helps to release energy in conjunction with b1 and b2 ie.it forms part of an enzyme system concerned with the oxidation of glucose and the release if energy
  • essential for health skin, eyes, mouth, muscle tone, digestive tract and nervous sytstem
  • releases stress and sex hormones
  • helps rid the body of toxic substances and toxic chemicals
  • helps lower blood lipid levels - can be used in the treatment of hyperlipodemia
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10
Q

sources? of b3

A
  • milk
  • potatoes
  • meat
  • cheese
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11
Q

deficiencies of b3

A

Raw beef tounges
- pellagra
dementia - advanced pellagra can cause sleep problems, anxiety, hallucinations
- dermititus - affects parts of the body exposed to sunlight
- diahoeraa - lining of the gastrointestinal tract is imfalmmed caused heartburn, indigestion and diaherra

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12
Q

Vitamin B6

A
  • catalyst or cofactor of amino acid metabolism
  • catalyst or cofactor of transmission reactions ie removing the dispensable aa from indispensable amino acids
  • formation of red blood cells
    Along with b12 and folate it reduces levels of homocysteine in the body
  • removes carcinogens in the oesophagus
  • b6 and folate interact with the synthesis of DNA
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13
Q

Sources of b6

A

liver, egg, green leafy veg, wholegrain cereals, pulses and fruits

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14
Q

deficicecies of b6

A
  • anaemia
  • drugs used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, and epilepsy
  • vegans
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15
Q

Why do chemists no longer give high does of b6 in supplementation

A
  • affects nervous system
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16
Q

functions of b12 - cobalamin

A
  • together with folate, b6 and b9 needed for DNA synthesis and cell division
  • formation of nerve sheaths
  • formation of red blood cells
17
Q

sources of b12

A
  • eggs
  • meat
  • fortified b cereals
  • fish
18
Q

deficiencies of b12

A
  • pernicious anaemia due to poor absorbance of b12
  • megaloblastic due to poor cell division
  • neurological complications, degeneration of the nervous tract and spinal chord
19
Q

Are the excess known?

A

no, they are unknown

20
Q

what are the function of vitamin C

A
  • Inhibits nitrosanimes formation in the stomach and this prevents nitrates turing into carcinogens
  • absorption of non-harm iron in the gut
  • antioxidant vitmain
  • builds resistance to infect and plays a role in wound healing
    -reuired for the metabolism of thyrosine
  • required for the hydroxylation of proline and lysine which is needed for normal collegen
21
Q

source of vitamin c

A
  • new potatoes
  • blackberries
  • stawrberries
  • green peppers
22
Q

deficiencies of vitamin c

A

scurvy and anaemia

23
Q

what are the functions of folic acid

A
  • synthesis of DNA
  • amino acid metabolism
  • helps form re blood cells
  • folate can help reduce the risk of neural tube defects in babiess e.g spina bifida - before conception, during and up to 12 weeks of pregnancy
24
Q

sources of folate

A

fortified breakfast cereals
- green leafy veg
- mushrooms
- nuts

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