Fat soluble vitamins

Question 1

What are all the chemical names for each fat soluble vitamin?

Answer 1

vitamin A - retinol and beta carotene
vitamin E - tocopherol
Vitamin D- cholecalciferol
Vitamin K - phylloquinone

Question 2

What is the functions of Vitamin A retinol

Answer 2

• Production of rhodopsin the retina found at the back of the eye and this improves vision in dim light
• improves the moistness of the cornea, the lining of the gut and the respiratory tract
• functioning and health of the immune system
  sources - meat products
• liver
• beef
• egg yolk

Question 3

What are the functions of vitamin A beta carotene

Answer 3

• used in food colouring
• antioxidant vitamin

Question 4

what are the deficiencies of Vitamin A

Answer 4

• xerophalmia - starts with night blindess - when dead skin cells accumulate on the surface of the eyes causing them to be dry and opaque
• blindness long term
• acne

Question 5

what is the excesses of vitamin A

Answer 5

hypervitamosis - causes skin and bone disorders and drowsiness
too much vitamin A in pregnancy can cause neural tube defects in babies e.g spina bifida

Question 6

What are the functions and sources of vitamin E tocopherol

Answer 6

• natural emulsifying agent
• needed for normal reproduction
• needed in premature babies to prevent haemhages
• antioxidant vitamin
• margarine
• wheat germ
• egg yolk

Question 7

What are the deficiencies and excesses of vitamin E

Answer 7

Nerve degeneration, muscle and retina spasms
rarely seen except in metabolic disorders like coeliac or chrons disease
- infertility

Question 8

What are the functions of vitamin D

Answer 8

• strengths bones and teeth
• assists in the uptake of calcium and p by bones and teeth
• absorption of calcium
• the hormone calcitriol is produced in the kidney by vitamin D. it promotes the synthesis of key proteins needed to transport calcium to the gut
• green leafy veg
• egg yolk

Question 9

deficiencies and excesses of vitamin D?

Answer 9

RICKETS IN CHILDREN
OSTEOMALACIA IN ADULTS
- bowing of legs, pelvic deformities and swelling of wrists
hypercalcemia - lethargy, nausea, vomiting, high blood pressure, kidney stones and renal failure

Question 10

What are the functions and sources of vitamin k

Answer 10

• blood clotting
• bone metabolism
• green leafy veg

Question 11

What are the deficiencies of vitamin k

Answer 11

rarely seen; except in newborn babies vitamin k is needed to prevent spontaneous bleeding, reducing the risk brain damage and death
dietary rarey seen except malabsorption
anti-colaguent drugs which block the absorption of Vitk
excesses - not known to be toxic