Carbohydrate Flashcards
what are the functions of carbohydrates
- glucose is oxidised in the cells and is broken down into a series of reactions and energy is released when this takes place
1 gram of CHO = 17kj or 4kcal - Storage of energy, when there is excess of energy it can be converted into glycogen and stored as a readily available source of energy and stored in the liver and muscles. or it can be converted into fat and stored in the adipose tissue, this helps reduce heat loss, however it might lead to obesity
What is protein sparing?
If the diet is low in CHO a higher percentage of preteen than usual will be used to provide energy - since the major function of protein is growth and repair, a moderate intake of CHO ensures that most of the protein can be used for growth and repair, hence protein sparing
what are sources?
- bread
-rice
-pasta - cereal
what is the definition of intrinsic sugar
an intrinsic sugar is naturally present and is built into the cellular structure ie. strawberries or blackberries - there is no adverse health effects
What is lactose
Lactose foods are extrinsic and are not incorporated into the cellular structure as they are animal foods - milk and dairy products - potential intolerance but limited adverse effects
45% from starches, intrinsic or lactose
what are free/extrinsic sugars
all mono and disaccharides are added to foods by the manufactures, plus sugars naturally found in sugars
- fruit juice and table sugar
- confectionary
adverse health effects
- diabetes
- tooth decay
less than 5 percent d.e.i
what is some research on starches?
- foods such as potatoes, breads and other cereal products like nuts, pulses and seeds provide not only complex carbs in the form of starch but also fibre and other nutrients such as protein, iron, calcium and vitamin E,B AND C
-An Economic advantage of starch food is that they are inexpensive when people have to live on a low intake, they can be a very valuable nutrient rich food - wholegrain starch intake increase consumption of NSP
- converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles where it is a readily available source of energy
Where are NSP’S found?
NSP’s are found in the cell walls of plants where they give structural support
what do NSP’S aid?
NSP’s are a type of carbohydrate which not digested or absorbed by enzymes in the small intestine. They pass along the intestine unchanged. However they have an important function in aiding the movement and removal of waste from the body
explain insoluble fibres process?
Acts bu binding with water to the residues in the intestine. this increases the bulk of material passing along the large intestine and stimulates the movement of the intestinal wall (peristalsis) thus giving soft and bulk to the faeces and aiding and speeding up its elimination from the body, keeping the gut in good working order. As insoluble fibre encourages expulsion of faeces preventing conditions like constipation, diverticulitis and colon cancer
What are sources of insoluble fibre?
- Wholegrain cereals, pasta, flour and brown rice
What is the process of soluble fibre?
soluble fibre slows down the rate of digestion and absorption of carbs and helps control blood sugar levels, thought to reduce the risk of diabetes, this contributes to the sensation of satiety which helps us feel full and helps weight maintenance. It also reduces blood cholesterol, LDL in particular reducing the risk of cvd.
Sources of soluble fibre?
- oats
- fruits
- pulses
- beans
what is the recommended amount of fibre needed per day?
30g per day
what is the effect of free sugars on blood glucose levels?
free suagrs have a rapid rate of digestion and absorption and results in rapid increase in bgl
- causes peaks and troughs in blood glucose levels
high gi food are
- rice
- bread
- cornflakes
