Water Security and Marine Systems Flashcards
The _ of the water cycle is creating water security issues
Intensification
What are the 5 types of water security
Environmental
Economic
Domestic
Urban
Climate
How much of the water is found for fresh water?
Ground water 30.1%
Glaciers/Ice Caps 68.9%
Second largest reservoir
How much of the water is found for surface water and more
Rivers and lakes 21.4%
Ground Ice/permafrost 69.0%
1% of total freshwater water that is easy to access
Third largest reservoir
How much of the water is found in the ocean?
96.5%
The largest reservoir
Roughly, how much water is used for shirts and pants
Shirts: 2700L
Pants: 9800L
Agriculture accounts for % of global water consumption
92% for 1996-2005
Australia 7th highest
How many people lack access to water
and find water scarce for 1 month
1.1B
2.7B
Inadequate sanitation for 2.4B
What are the 7 reasons why water security is a problem
Population increase
Groundwater depletion to replenishment
Poor ecosystem functions
Poor water infrastructure
Undervalued water
Wasted water
Climate change
Australia is the…
Driest inhabited continent with 70% landmass defined as arid
<250 - 350 mm pa
For Australia, there is reduced rainfall in the
There is increased rainfall in the
Southeast and southwest corners over several decades
Northwest
Pronounced drying during cool months
RAINFALL
Since the 90s, SE has had…
15% decline in late Autumn and early Winter
25% April and May
Australia: what are the most severe droughts
Federation 1895-1903
WW2 1939-1945
Millenium 1997-2009
Warming (RAINFALL)
Most recent modelling projects that
Precipitation to increase by 3.9% (1.5C) and
5.27% (2.0C)
Australia: Between 1900-2015, flooding was responsible for
3,718 fatalities
For the Millenium drought, how much did cotton and rice production volume decline
84%
99%
What are Blackwater Events
Prolonged drought followed by heavy rainfall
High levels of D.O.C released into water coloum + reduced oxygen
Dissolved Organic Carbon
What area contains the largest reserve of fresh water outside polar regions
Himalaya-Hindu Kush Mountain and Tibetan Plateau
10 major river systems - 20% of worlds population in Asia that uses this reserve for water supply
How much of ice has been lost in the Andes since 1970s
30-50%
Disappearance estimated to occur within next 20 years
Define peak water
Supply of water is not replenished at rate it is used
How many degree of warming since 1910 has occured for oceans
1
How many degrees has SST and salinity risen per century…
2.28
0.34
What years were major coral bleaching events of the GBR?
1998
2010
2016
2019
2020
2011 for WA
By 2011 the oceans had taken up _ of the anthropogenic Co2
30
8.2 - 8.1 range
