Cities and Settlements & Health Flashcards
How many global population % live in urban areas?
> 50 %
Informal settlements + small urban centres in Asia & Africa
More less developed regions improving urban population
Projected % increase of global population in urban areas by 2050
70 %
An extra 2.5B
What are the top share of people living in urban areas?
Asia 89 %
World 85 %
Latin America and Caribbean 81.7 %
The increase in extreme heat exposure in cities around the world from _ - _ is highest where?
1983 to 2016
South Asia
How many of the human population could be exposed to periods of life threatening climatic conditions arising from coupled impacts of extreme heat and humidity by _ ?
50 - 75 %
2100
The urban heat island effect:
Amplified during heatwaves
Varies spatially
Varies with time of day
Affect 1/2 of future urban population in tropical Global South and coastal cities and settlements.
By 2090, Western Sydney will experience
46 days per year over 35 C
Flooding could increase/decrease by up to how much for every 1% increase in impervious surface areas in Europe?
Increase by 10 %
What 8 towns in Australia are projected to have at least 100 fold increase in coastal flooding and by what cause?
Sydney, Melbourne, Hobart, Cairns, Fremantle, Adelaide, Darwin
0.5 m rise in sea level
Explain the Black Summer bushfires and what happened.
Destroyed >2700 homes
Took 34 lives
Incurred $4.5B in business, tourism, and agriculture
An insurance bill of 1.9$B
$2B burden on healthcare (400 deaths attributed to smoke)
What are likely occurrences in terms of urban water security?
1/3 of major cities exhaust water resources by 2050
350 million more people exposed to water scarcity: 1.5C
410.7 million more people exposed to water scarcity: 2C
How much does vegetation lower land surface temperatures?
What is the adviced amount of area recommanded for residental gardens?
6 C on extreme hot day
20 % land area
40 % tree cover
What is the interaction phenomenon that affects health?
Hazard + vulnerability + exposure = risk
What are the 3 primary exposure pathways?
Environmental conditions
Social infrastructure
Public health capability and adaptation
What are direct impacts to health?
Heat, Floods & Storms
What infant population is most vulnerable to heatwaves?
1986-2005 baseline
India
China
Indonesia
Egypt
Nigeria
What elderly population is most vulnerable to heatwaves?
1986-2005 baseline
China
India
Japan
USA
Indonesia
What are indirect impacts to health?
Vector-borne and infectious diseases
Water and food-borne infections
Air quality (ozone, aeroallergens, particulates)
What area in the world is most susceptible to Malaria?
Africa and South East Asia with around 220 million cases per year
What affects mosquito biting rate and what affects mosqutio population?
Temperature
Precipitation and Temperature
What has increased in distribution in China?
The geographical range of ‘schistosomiasis’, affected by water temperature
What are four human institutions that can mediate health impacts?
Violence and Conflict
Mental Health
Occupational Health
Nutrition
At what rise in C approximately, would halve work output?
2 C
How much in % of the Australian population live urban?
80 %
