Communities & Food Security

Question 1

How many billion people are living in countries classified as highly vulnerable and how many billion in countries very low vulnerability

Answer 1

3.3B
1.8B

3.6B live in low and lower middle income countries

Question 2

How many % of the global population most at risk from crop failures and where

Answer 2

80%
Sub-saharan Africa
South Asia
South-east Asia

Question 3

Across 1, 2 & 3 SSP’s global crop and economic models projected a…

Answer 3

1-29 % cereal price increase in 2050 due to RCP 6.0

Question 4

How many additional people are at risk of hunger across the SSPs

Answer 4

1 - 183 million additional people

Question 5

Wheat grown at __ ppm Co2 are deficient in certain minerals and macronutrients. At what percentage?

Answer 5

546 - 586

5.9 - 12.7% less protein
3.7 - 6.5% less zinc
5.2 - 7.5% less iron

Question 6

How many GHG are attributable to the food system?

Answer 6

21 - 37%
Concentrated in Asia (2017)
Agriculture and land use, storage, transport, packaging, processing, retail, & consumption

Question 7

Combined food loss and waste amount to how much of total food produced? In %

Answer 7

25 - 30%

Question 8

During _ to _ global food loss and waste equalled what of total ANTHRO GHG emissions and how much does that cost

Answer 8

2010 - 2016
8 - 10% MC
1T USD2012 per year

Question 9

How much food never reaches a human stomach? In %

How much do Australians waste of purchased food

Answer 9

30 - 50%

20%

Question 10

Cline 2007: the overall reduction of agriculture is what? In %

Answer 10

17%

Question 11

Gunasekera 2007: % decline by _ and % by _ for wheat, beef, diary, sugar, assuming SSP5-8.5

Answer 11

9 - 10%
2030
13 - 19%
2050

Question 12

Garnaut 2008: % drop in irrigated agriculture by _ in MDB due to reduced runoff; at _ ppm % decline, at _ ppm _ %

Answer 12

92 %
2100
550ppm
20 %
450ppm
6 %

Question 13

How many million people does Australia produce food for?

Answer 13

26 million

Question 14

How many people go hungry in the world?

Answer 14

800 million, according to FAO

Question 15

The number of people suffering acute food insecurity increased from

Answer 15

135 million in 2019
345 million in 82 countries by 2022

Question 16

If current trends continue, the number of hungry people will reach _ by _

Answer 16

840 million
2030

Question 17

What are the two main issues relating to food security and climate change?

Answer 17

Issue 1: Global food insecurity rising due to climate phenomena (floods, rainfall, droughts, etc)

Issue 2: Global food system is responsible for about 1/3 of GHG (1st for methane and biodiversity loss), second to energy sector

Question 18

What four crops will be stressed by warming progress and based on what model?

Answer 18

Maize
Wheat (worst)
Rice
Soy

Global Gridded Crop Model

Question 19

Wheat grown at 546 - 586 ppm could cause…

Answer 19

175 million people to be zinc-deficient
122 million people to be protein deficient
BY 2050

Question 20

Name four (listed in lecture) adaptations for agricultural production?

Answer 20

Use water more efficiently and effectively
Policies to manage demand
Switch to less thirsty crops
Improve soil health

Question 21

How much GHG in percentage does food industry emit?

Answer 21

26 %

Question 22

The four main sectors of food production are what and how much in percentage do they emit?

Answer 22

Supply Chain: 18%
Livestock and Fisheries: 31%
Crop Production: 27%
Land Use: 24%

Question 23

Based on the cropland GHGs map, what continent produces the most food production GHG emissions? (2017 map)

Answer 23

Asia (>1,000 Mg CO2 each year)

Question 24

List some alernative food production methods that are less impactful?

Answer 24

Seaweed diets for cows to reduce methane
Regenerative farming
Selective breeding
Changing crop varieties or species

Question 25

What are some negative impacts on production in Australia?

Answer 25

Dairy farmers relocate to cool and reliable rainfall regions Tropical adapted grass prevalent in NT with low digestibility for livestock Reduced grain production in drought Reduced chilling hours in Goulburn valley impacting stone fruit Losses of crops and livestock due to increased pests (QLD fruit fly moving southwards example) Sugarcane grown at less than a metre affected by salinity

Question 26

Inland margin of cropping zones...

Answer 26

likely to move closer to coast

Question 27

Where are crop yields set to decline in AUS?

Answer 27

in South West WA Southern SA Southern VIC Southern NSW

Question 28

Murray Darling Basin: Tell me three important facts

Answer 28

70 % of Australias irrigated water Supports 2 million people Produces 1/3 of domestic food supply and 40 % total agricultural production

Question 29

Murray Darling Basin: What drought caused its lowest water levels and where? What phenomenon persisted for 2 years after drought lifted?

Answer 29

Millenium Drought South Australia Acidification on floodplain and water ## Footnote Irrigated rice decline 99 %, cotton 86 % and wheat 12 %

Question 30

Australia produces food for its population of? How much does it export

Answer 30

26 million 70 %

Question 31

What are two modes of transport vulnerable to being cut by floods and bushfires?

Answer 31

Road and railway

Question 32

What are the leading nations for per-capita emissions?

Answer 32

Saudi Arabia 17.6 United States 17.6 Canada 15.7

Question 33

What are the leading nations in emission from fossil fuels?

Answer 33

China India United States

Question 34

Human vulnerability is influenced by:

Answer 34

Adaptive capacity of physical structures Social processes Institutional structures

Question 35

Observed averaged mortality from climate hazards is how much more higher for regions ranked as very high vulnerable?

Answer 35

15 x higher In the last decade

Question 36

Out of 2,064,929 deaths, how many were experienced by developing economies and lower middle income?

Answer 36

91 % and 53 %

Question 37

Which country is expected from __ - __ to have the highest *concentration* annual mortality for multiple natural hazards?

Answer 37

2020 - 2030 India Followed by China

Question 38

What are the most vulnerable regions to climate hazards?

Answer 38

East, Central and West Africa South Asia Micro/Melanesia Central America

Question 39

How many people are living in countries classified as very highly vulnerable to natural hazards?

Answer 39

3.3 Billion 3.6 Billion live in low and lower middle-income countries

Question 40

Average mortality per hazard event per region between 2010 and 2020: For each continent, what is their main death related mortality (List from largest to smallest)

Answer 40

Asia: Heat Africa: Drought Europe: Heat Central and South America: Flood North America: Storm Small Islands: Storm Australasia: Heat

Question 41

What the highest confident hazard risks to livelihood and what livelihood aspect is affected the most?

Answer 41

Warming Trends Drought Life/bodily health/food security

Question 42

Detail some of the statistics of Cyclone Kenneth.

Answer 42

Happened in 2019, strongst on record for Africa 45 total deaths with 40,000 homes destroyed Followed Cyclone Idai 5 weeks earlier

Question 43

What noneconomic loss and damage type is vulnerable to cliimate change worldwide? Followed by what?

Answer 43

Health Culturally meaningful places & Human Life

Question 44

Detail some of the statistics of Hurricane Maria.

Answer 44

Category 5 passed over Dominica, St Croix and Puerto Rico Economic cost of $25-43BUSD 200,000 people migrated from Puerto Rico to USA in weeks following the storm

Question 45

In 2018, how many number of weather related climate disasters resulted in internal displacement?

Answer 45

1,518

Question 46

By 2050, how many more million people could be forced to migrate within their countries?

Answer 46

140 million 17m in Latin America 86m in Sub-Saharan Africa 40m in South Asia 55% of the world's population live in these regions