Water On Land

Question 0

Where a river enter the sea

Answer 0

Mouth

Question 1

Where a river begins

Answer 1

Source

Question 2

Small rivers that converge to make a larger river channel

Answer 2

Tributaries

Question 3

Where a tributary joins a larger river channel

Answer 3

Confluence

Question 4

The area of land drained by a single river system

Answer 4

Drainage basin

Question 5

The edge of a drainage basin

Answer 5

Watershed

Question 6

The entire length of river from source to mouth

Answer 6

River profile

Question 7

A retreating waterfall creates a … In the rock

Answer 7

Gorge

Question 8

A highly bendy river

Answer 8

Sinuous

Question 9

An underwater current spirals down the river and carries the eroded material from the river cliff to the slip-off slope

Answer 9

Helicodial flow

Question 10

The movement of sediment from one place to another

Answer 10

Transportation

Question 11

The movement of large boulders on river bed

Answer 11

Traction

Question 12

The bouncing of small boulders in the riverbed

Answer 12

Saltation

Question 13

When sediment is carried in the body of water

Answer 13

Suspension

Question 14

The sediment which is too heavy to be carried in the water and moves very very slowly

Answer 14

Bed load

Question 15

Areas of hard, resistant rock that the river flows around - found in the upper course of the river (not to be confused with meanders)

Answer 15

Interlocking Spurs

Question 16

Jagged sediment in rivers

Answer 16

Angular bed load

Question 17

The rivers flow erodes the bed and banks

Answer 17

Hydraulic action

Question 18

The action of acids and salts in river water corroding the bed and banks

Answer 18

Corrosion

Question 19

The volume of water being carried in the river channel (measured in cumecs)

Answer 19

Discharge

Question 20

The dumping of sediment due to energy in the water having significantly reduced.

Answer 20

Deposition

Question 21

A bendy part of the Middle course in the river.

Answer 21

Meander

Question 22

The sediment that is carried in the waters flow

Answer 22

Suspension load

Question 23

When erosion breaks through a meander and creates an…

Answer 23

Oxbow lake

Question 24

When rock and sediment rubs to get her to create finer rock

Answer 24

Abrasion

Question 25

A dried up oxbow lake found in a floodplain

Answer 25

Meander scar

Question 26

Vertical erosion in the upper course creates these narrow, steep sided valleys. The river cuts down, weathering and mass movement work on the valley sides - over time steep sides form

Answer 26

V shaped valleys

Question 27

Case study for river straightening

Answer 27

Mississippi River, USA

Question 28

The process of waterfall retreat.

Answer 28

1) the soft rock is undercut by erosion (hydraulic action/abrasion) 2) the overhanging hard rock collapses 3) a deep plunge pool develops where the soft rock used to be 4) the process keeps on going

Question 29

Levees sediment is deposited when a river...

Answer 29

Flood

Question 30

On a levee, the heavy sediment is... | And the light sediment is...

Answer 30

The heavy sediment is near to the river | The light sediment is further away

Question 31

When sediment is washed down from higher ground

Answer 31

Slope wash

Question 32

The gradual mass movement of soil down steep slopes

Answer 32

Soil creep

Question 33

Boscastle flood causes

Answer 33

``` V shaped valley Quick lag time Impermeable surrounding geology Confluence of rivers (valency, paradise, Jordan) Large amounts of rain Saturated soil ```

Question 34

Boscastle floods effects

Answer 34

``` Lots of rubbish left lying around People trapped in buildings Flooding 3m high wave Museum and visitor centre flooded Homes devalued Insurance substantially increased Tourism reduced £15 million in damage and claims ```

Question 35

Boscastle responses

Answer 35

``` Helicopters sent out Fire brigade sent out TV and radio alerts Flood warnings from environment agency Rapid evacuation Setup temporary accommodation at Boscastle F.C Falmouth coast guard mobilised ```

Question 36

Amount of rainfall in Boscastle during flood

Answer 36

15mm in 15 minutes at Lensworth

Question 37

Boscastle killed ... People

Answer 37

0 people

Question 38

Flashier hydrograph =

Answer 38

Quick discharge

Question 39

When rainfall is at its highest

Answer 39

Peak rainfall

Question 40

When river flow was reached its maximum

Answer 40

Peak discharge

Question 41

When the rivers flow begins to fall, after it has peaked

Answer 41

Falling limb

Question 42

Time between when rain is at its highest and when the river reaches its highest flow

Answer 42

Lag time

Question 43

The landform created when a meander in a river is eroded to create a cut off, dry section of river

Answer 43

Oxbow lake

Question 44

The area surrounding a river which is responsible for drainage

Answer 44

Drainage basin

Question 45

Boscastle is located in which county?

Answer 45

Cornwall

Question 46

Name of dam case study in Northumberland, UK

Answer 46

Kielder water dam

Question 47

Facts about the Kielder dam

Answer 47

Biggest man made dam in Europe, £167 million to make, part of a water transfer scheme

Question 48

Drawbacks of the Kielder dam

Answer 48

Habitats destroyed, farmland lost, people relocated, construction cost

Question 49

The name of the household utility responsible for the high demand of water

Answer 49

Power showers

Question 50

The average American citizen uses how many litres of water per day?

Answer 50

578 litres

Question 51

LEDCs usually use more water due to a higher ... Industry

Answer 51

Agriculture

Question 52

The name of the dam in China

Answer 52

Three gorges dam

Question 53

Facts about Three Gorges Dam China

Answer 53

``` Located on Yangtze River 1994 - 2012 to complete $39 billion in cost 1.24 million people had to be relocated 101 metres tall 463,000 tonnes of steel used 263 billion gallons of sewage pumped into dam 13 cities lost Less fertile land surrounding Less flooding No compensation for former people moved ```

Question 54

The probability of flooding in the Three Gorges Dam in China and the reduction from what it was before

Answer 54

Before 1/100 | After 1/1000

Question 55

The use of man made/structural engineering to prevent flooding

Answer 55

Hard engineering

Question 56

The use of natural engineering to reduce the impacts of flooding

Answer 56

Soft engineering

Question 57

Name of the valley flooded in Pakistan

Answer 57

Swat valley

Question 58

The name of the river flooded in Pakistan during the flood of 2010

Answer 58

The Indus River

Question 59

One disease found in stagnant water

Answer 59

Cholera

Question 60

Amount effected by Pakistan flood

Answer 60

17 million people

Question 61

River straightening allows...

Answer 61

The river to flow faster through major towns and cities in the lower course of the river Decreases chances of towns/cities flooding Leads to a higher chance of flooding further down stream

Question 62

Name given to the planting of trees around a river bank

Answer 62

Afforestation

Question 63

Examples of soft engineering

Answer 63

Flood warnings, Environment agency evacuations to liable houses, messages to lay sandbags and other methods of flood protection to at risk areas

Question 64

Features of the upper course of a river

Answer 64

Narrow and shallow river Large angular bed load (sharp edges on stones) Steep valley sides (V shaped valleys) Waterfalls and rapids

Question 65

Processes of the upper stages of a river

Answer 65

Vertical erosion Traction and saltation (transporter)

Question 66

Processes of the Middle course of a river

Answer 66

Wider river channels (5-15 metres) Deeper river channels Smaller angular bed load Meanders, oxbow lakes

Question 67

Features in the lower course of a river

Answer 67

Wider river channels (20m+) Deeper river channels Smaller/smoother bed load (suspended sediment) Mouth of river formed Flood plains, levees, estuaries, deltas

Question 68

Processes in the middle course of a river

Answer 68

Lateral erosion transportation (more suspension and solution) Deposition

Question 69

Processes in the lower course of a river

Answer 69

Lateral erosion Transportation (suspension and solution) Mostly deposition