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Geography > Population Change > Flashcards

Population Change Flashcards

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0
Q

Number of births per 1000 people per year

A

Birth rate

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1
Q

Number of deaths per 1000 people per year

A

Death rate

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2
Q

People retired or below the working age

A

Dependants

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3
Q

The population who work and pay tax

A

Economically active

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4
Q

Rapid, year on year growth

A

Exponential growth

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5
Q

The movement of people either into or out of an area

A

Migration

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6
Q

A graph that shows how countries pass through different stages of population growth over time. It shows changes in birth rate, death rate and natural population

A

Demographic transition model

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7
Q

A graph that shows the population structure of a country. Horizontal bars are used to show actual numbers of males and females in each five year age group

A

Population pyramid

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8
Q

Occurs when birth rate is higher than the death rate

A

Natural increase

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9
Q

The factors that force people to move

A

Push factors

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10
Q

The country migrants are leaving from

A

Country of origin

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11
Q

The factors that attract people to move

A

Pull factors

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12
Q

When birth rate is below death rate

A

Natural decrease

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13
Q

Country the migrants are moving to

A

Destination country

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14
Q

The structure of the population by age and sex

A

Population structure

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15
Q

Amounts of babies prevented through the one child policy

A

400 million

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16
Q

Population of China

A

1.3 billion

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17
Q

One child policy introduction year

A

1979

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18
Q

Gender skew in China

A

114:100 males to females

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19
Q

Fines were given to families who had more than one child. What was the fine?

A

10x the salary of the parents

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20
Q

Name of the population of which the law was given to

A

The Han Chinese

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21
Q

Families who stayed with the rules were given benefits of

A

Longer maternity leave, better housing and free education

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22
Q

People in what areas were exempt from the rule if their first child was female

A

Rural populations

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23
Q

A country that has no population control method

A

Afghanistan

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24
Q

Name of law which prevents afghans from using contraception

A

Sharia law

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25
Q

Term which defines the use of machines the reduce the need for male children to serve as farmhands

A

Mechanisation

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26
Q

A place that aims to use female emancipation to lower the birth rate

A

Kerala, India

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27
Q

A country that has a pro-natal policy in Europe

A

France

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28
Q

Name of the scheme aimed at families with 3+ children

A

Carte famile noumbrease

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29
Q

An ageing population leads to…

A

Pressure on children
High number of elderly dependants
Reduced amount of economically active

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30
Q

Incentive strategies to encourage woman to having children in France

A 
3 years paid maternity/paternity leave
Free nursery care
Schooling starting earlier at age 3
Earlier retirement for woman
Tax breaks
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31
Q

Effectiveness of the France pro natal scheme

A

Fertility increased from 1.7 to 1.9

32
Q

France were falling into what stage of the DTM

A

Stage 5

33
Q

The name of the condition given to children who have no siblings and act like they are superior and important

A

One child syndrome / little emperor syndrome

34
Q

Date of the China ‘one child policy’ introduction year

A

1979

35
Q

City in China allowed to have two children

A

Shanghai

36
Q

Some of the impacts toward Han women if they tried to have another child

A

Forced abortions
Sterilisation
X10 salary fine

37
Q

Alternative population policy

A

Kerala, south west India

38
Q

Ways in which Kerala is reducing its birth rate

A 
Improving education
Emancipation of women
Encouraging female careers
Free contraception/sexual health advice
Land reforms to lower birth rate
39
Q

Impacts of Kerala’s policy

A 
Increased gross domestic product (GDP)
Entering stage 4 of DTM
Falling birth rate
Slow and steady population growth
90% adult literacy increase
40
Q

Afghanistan makes most of its GDP through the agricultural production of which drug?

A

Opium (heroin)

41
Q

Reasons why Afghanistan has no birth control programme

A 
Poverty
strict Shariah law
Taliban 
No contraception
Lack of equality
Low female emancipation
War and political instability
42
Q

Stage Afghanistan is currently in

A

Stage 2

43
Q

Name given to the reduction of intelligent workers leaving a country to find work overseas

A

Brain drain

44
Q

Case study to show migration within the EU

A

Poland to UK

45
Q

Facts about migration from Poland to UK

A

600,000 Eastern Europeans moved to the UK between 2004-2006

46
Q

Impacts on destination country

A

+ some immigrants pay tax to the UK, work for minimum wage, take jobs Brits don’t take
-stress on social resources e.g. Healthcare, housing and education (Peterborough)

47
Q

When people migrate around the world

A

International migration

48
Q

When people move inside a country

A

Internal migration

49
Q

When people move out of a country

A

Emigration

50
Q

Rapid year on year population growth

A

Exponential growth

51
Q

The birth rate minus the death rate (plus or minus migration)

A

Annual population change

52
Q

The movement of people into an area

A

Immigration

53
Q

The ratio between dependants and economically active

A

Dependency ratio

54
Q

Growth of people living in urban areas

A

Urbanisation

55
Q

Implications of rapid population growth

A

Social: Rising crime, poor living standards, overcrowding

Economic: unemployment, burdened economy, larger number of dependants

Environmental: deforestation, lack of water, traffic/congestion

Political: wars, unstable governments, tensions

56
Q

The name given to the population structure of a country in stage 1 or 2

A

The ‘funnel shape’

57
Q

Name given to the population structure of a country in stage 3 or 4

A

The ‘rectangular shape’

58
Q

The name given to a country in stage 5 of the DTM

A

The ‘oval shape’

59
Q

One reason for an ageing population

A

Better health care

60
Q

When birth rate is higher than death rate

A

Natural increase

61
Q

When death rate is higher than birth rate

A

Natural decrease

62
Q

The top of a population pyramid

A

Apex

63
Q

The bottom of a population pyramid

A

Base

64
Q

The unreal expectations some migrants place on urban living which they expect fame and glamour but is usually very unreal

A

Bright light syndrome

65
Q

A forced migrant who is displaced due to war or famine

A

Refugee

66
Q

A refugee which files for access to another country to find safety

A

Asylum seeker

67
Q

The country migrants decide to go to

A

Destination country

68
Q

A migrant who seeks an increase in salary and is the main reason s/he is moving

A

Economic migrant

69
Q

When a migrant has no choice to move

A

Forced migration

70
Q

When someone makes the decision to move

A

Voluntary migration

71
Q

Death rate starts to drop in which stage of the DTM?

A

Stage 2

72
Q

Birth rate starts to drop in which stage?

A

Stage 3

73
Q

An example of a stage 3 country

A

Brazil

74
Q

An example of a stage 1 countries

A

A few tribal groups

75
Q

Child mortality is classified to children under the age of what?

A

Under the age of 5

76
Q

Child mortality is…

A

The amount of children who die before their 5th birthday

77
Q

The name given to countries which encourage the birth of children

A

Pro-natal policy

Geography (7 decks)

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