Population Change Flashcards
Number of births per 1000 people per year
Birth rate
Number of deaths per 1000 people per year
Death rate
People retired or below the working age
Dependants
The population who work and pay tax
Economically active
Rapid, year on year growth
Exponential growth
The movement of people either into or out of an area
Migration
A graph that shows how countries pass through different stages of population growth over time. It shows changes in birth rate, death rate and natural population
Demographic transition model
A graph that shows the population structure of a country. Horizontal bars are used to show actual numbers of males and females in each five year age group
Population pyramid
Occurs when birth rate is higher than the death rate
Natural increase
The factors that force people to move
Push factors
The country migrants are leaving from
Country of origin
The factors that attract people to move
Pull factors
When birth rate is below death rate
Natural decrease
Country the migrants are moving to
Destination country
The structure of the population by age and sex
Population structure
Amounts of babies prevented through the one child policy
400 million
Population of China
1.3 billion
One child policy introduction year
1979
Gender skew in China
114:100 males to females
Fines were given to families who had more than one child. What was the fine?
10x the salary of the parents
Name of the population of which the law was given to
The Han Chinese
Families who stayed with the rules were given benefits of
Longer maternity leave, better housing and free education
People in what areas were exempt from the rule if their first child was female
Rural populations
A country that has no population control method
Afghanistan
Name of law which prevents afghans from using contraception
Sharia law
Term which defines the use of machines the reduce the need for male children to serve as farmhands
Mechanisation
A place that aims to use female emancipation to lower the birth rate
Kerala, India
A country that has a pro-natal policy in Europe
France
Name of the scheme aimed at families with 3+ children
Carte famile noumbrease
An ageing population leads to…
Pressure on children
High number of elderly dependants
Reduced amount of economically active
Incentive strategies to encourage woman to having children in France
3 years paid maternity/paternity leave Free nursery care Schooling starting earlier at age 3 Earlier retirement for woman Tax breaks
Effectiveness of the France pro natal scheme
Fertility increased from 1.7 to 1.9
France were falling into what stage of the DTM
Stage 5
The name of the condition given to children who have no siblings and act like they are superior and important
One child syndrome / little emperor syndrome
Date of the China ‘one child policy’ introduction year
1979
City in China allowed to have two children
Shanghai
Some of the impacts toward Han women if they tried to have another child
Forced abortions
Sterilisation
X10 salary fine
Alternative population policy
Kerala, south west India
Ways in which Kerala is reducing its birth rate
Improving education Emancipation of women Encouraging female careers Free contraception/sexual health advice Land reforms to lower birth rate
Impacts of Kerala’s policy
Increased gross domestic product (GDP) Entering stage 4 of DTM Falling birth rate Slow and steady population growth 90% adult literacy increase
Afghanistan makes most of its GDP through the agricultural production of which drug?
Opium (heroin)
Reasons why Afghanistan has no birth control programme
Poverty strict Shariah law Taliban No contraception Lack of equality Low female emancipation War and political instability
Stage Afghanistan is currently in
Stage 2
Name given to the reduction of intelligent workers leaving a country to find work overseas
Brain drain
Case study to show migration within the EU
Poland to UK
Facts about migration from Poland to UK
600,000 Eastern Europeans moved to the UK between 2004-2006
Impacts on destination country
+ some immigrants pay tax to the UK, work for minimum wage, take jobs Brits don’t take
-stress on social resources e.g. Healthcare, housing and education (Peterborough)
When people migrate around the world
International migration
When people move inside a country
Internal migration
When people move out of a country
Emigration
Rapid year on year population growth
Exponential growth
The birth rate minus the death rate (plus or minus migration)
Annual population change
The movement of people into an area
Immigration
The ratio between dependants and economically active
Dependency ratio
Growth of people living in urban areas
Urbanisation
Implications of rapid population growth
Social: Rising crime, poor living standards, overcrowding
Economic: unemployment, burdened economy, larger number of dependants
Environmental: deforestation, lack of water, traffic/congestion
Political: wars, unstable governments, tensions
The name given to the population structure of a country in stage 1 or 2
The ‘funnel shape’
Name given to the population structure of a country in stage 3 or 4
The ‘rectangular shape’
The name given to a country in stage 5 of the DTM
The ‘oval shape’
One reason for an ageing population
Better health care
When birth rate is higher than death rate
Natural increase
When death rate is higher than birth rate
Natural decrease
The top of a population pyramid
Apex
The bottom of a population pyramid
Base
The unreal expectations some migrants place on urban living which they expect fame and glamour but is usually very unreal
Bright light syndrome
A forced migrant who is displaced due to war or famine
Refugee
A refugee which files for access to another country to find safety
Asylum seeker
The country migrants decide to go to
Destination country
A migrant who seeks an increase in salary and is the main reason s/he is moving
Economic migrant
When a migrant has no choice to move
Forced migration
When someone makes the decision to move
Voluntary migration
Death rate starts to drop in which stage of the DTM?
Stage 2
Birth rate starts to drop in which stage?
Stage 3
An example of a stage 3 country
Brazil
An example of a stage 1 countries
A few tribal groups
Child mortality is classified to children under the age of what?
Under the age of 5
Child mortality is…
The amount of children who die before their 5th birthday
The name given to countries which encourage the birth of children
Pro-natal policy
