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Geography > Changing Urban Environments > Flashcards

Changing Urban Environments Flashcards

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0
Q

A thing which encourages people to move

A

Pull factor

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1
Q

A thing which encourages people to move away

A

Push factor

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2
Q

An example of a push factor

A

War, climate, salary

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3
Q

An example of pull factors

A

Salary, Health services, climate

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4
Q

What does CBD stand for?

A

Central business district

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5
Q

An example of a CBD in Bristol

A

Broadmead

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6
Q

An example of an inner city in Bristol

A

Stokes croft

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7
Q

An example of suburbs in Bristol

A

Westbury on Trym

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8
Q

An example of urban-rural fringe in Bristol

A

Abbots Leigh

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9
Q

What would you see in a CBD?

A

Shops, cinemas, business headquarters, offices, multi-storey, car parks

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10
Q

What would you see in an inner city area?

A

Independent stores, small cafes and restaurants, terraced housing, brownfield sites

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11
Q

What would you see in the suburbs?

A

Detached and semi housing, parks, convenience stores

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12
Q

What would you see in the rural-urban fringe?

A

Woodland/fields, small villages, large detached houses

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13
Q

What is the Burgess model and what is its problems?

A

A graph showing the typical city layout - made in 1925 (outdated)

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14
Q

How many people are expected to live in urban environments by 2021?

A

52.2 million

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15
Q

Government housing target by 2016

A

240,000 new houses

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16
Q

Why is the demand for housing higher than ever?

A

Divorce, increasing population, elderly people living longer, more independent people

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17
Q

Brownfield site

A

An area of land which has been used previously

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18
Q

Greenfield site

A

An area of land that has never been built on

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19
Q

Problems with greenfield sites

A

Less land for urban people to use (eg walk dog), roads and facilities will need to be placed, destroys natural habitat

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20
Q

Advantages of greenfield sites

A

More garden space, no restrictions of existing network, no clearing of sites needed, land cheaper on outskirts, plots can be larger

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21
Q

Advantages of brownfield sites

A

Easier to get planning, sites are not left derelict, utilities are already provided, near to shops and other facilities, roads already exist, cuts commuting

22
Q

Disadvantages of brownfield sites

A

Less desirable areas, land needs clearing, can be harder to sell, land may be polluted

23
Q

Case study in London

A

Stratford

24
Q

Facts about stratford’s redevelopment

A

£100 million station, 350 homes, 15,000 new jobs created, newly opened schools.

25
Q

Cost of Stratford’s redevelopment

A

£1.3 billion

26
Q

Company who redeveloped Stratford

A

ODA

27
Q

How many people die from air pollution in London?

A

4,300 per year

28
Q

How many drivers are there in London?

A

9.9 million

29
Q

How to reduce pollution in cars

A

Turn off engine when stationary

30
Q

Illnesses caused by air pollution

A

Asthma, heart disease, lung cancer

31
Q

How many people in the UK have a car?

A

27% of households

32
Q

How many children in London have asthma?

A

1/5 children

33
Q

Case study of ethnic segregation in the UK

A

Leeds

34
Q

How many people in Leeds are worried that their race will effect their life chances?

A

3/5 people

35
Q

How have Leeds tackled ethnic segregation

A

Listened to ethnic communities, improved English language taught in schools, free access to community facilities (eg gym membership)

36
Q

CBD decline in Bristol dates

A

Between 1960 and 1980’s the CBD fell into decline

37
Q

How much was land in the CBD originally rented for?

A

£400 pounds per square foot

38
Q

What was a side affect of the CBD decline?

A

Crime, pollution, traffic congestion

39
Q

Decentralisation leads to what affect?

A

The ‘doughnut effect’ - companies move from inner city to outer city due to reduced cost of land

40
Q

Who paid for the development of Cabot Circus?

A

The Bristol Alliance

41
Q

How much was spent on Cabot Circus?

A

£500 million

42
Q

Dates of which Cabot Circus was made

A

2006-2008

43
Q

Ways in which Cabot Circus has widened its appeal

A

Cinema, designer shops, mini golf, entertainment, strong design, parking, hosts events

44
Q

Squatter settlement case study

A

Kibera, South Nairobi

45
Q

Two people that have helped the people of Kibera

A

Andre Leeheer and Nathan Collett

46
Q

Andre Leeheer is originally from where and teaches what?

A

Amsterdam, Holland. Teaches Muay Thai boxing

47
Q

Nathan Collett’s film was called…

He set up a what in Kibera?

A

Kibera Kid. A school

48
Q

How where people originally getting electricity?

A

Tapping into electricity wires illegally

49
Q

How orphans are there in Kibera?

A

40,000

50
Q

Name of the upgrading project in Kibera

A

KENSUP - Kenya slums upgrading project.

51
Q

Forms of international help for Kibera

A

Comic relief, gap year students helping, education and medical care provided.

52
Q

Forms of self help in Kibera

A

Informal work, DIY schemes

Geography (7 decks)

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