Changing Urban Environments Flashcards
A thing which encourages people to move
Pull factor
A thing which encourages people to move away
Push factor
An example of a push factor
War, climate, salary
An example of pull factors
Salary, Health services, climate
What does CBD stand for?
Central business district
An example of a CBD in Bristol
Broadmead
An example of an inner city in Bristol
Stokes croft
An example of suburbs in Bristol
Westbury on Trym
An example of urban-rural fringe in Bristol
Abbots Leigh
What would you see in a CBD?
Shops, cinemas, business headquarters, offices, multi-storey, car parks
What would you see in an inner city area?
Independent stores, small cafes and restaurants, terraced housing, brownfield sites
What would you see in the suburbs?
Detached and semi housing, parks, convenience stores
What would you see in the rural-urban fringe?
Woodland/fields, small villages, large detached houses
What is the Burgess model and what is its problems?
A graph showing the typical city layout - made in 1925 (outdated)
How many people are expected to live in urban environments by 2021?
52.2 million
Government housing target by 2016
240,000 new houses
Why is the demand for housing higher than ever?
Divorce, increasing population, elderly people living longer, more independent people
Brownfield site
An area of land which has been used previously
Greenfield site
An area of land that has never been built on
Problems with greenfield sites
Less land for urban people to use (eg walk dog), roads and facilities will need to be placed, destroys natural habitat
Advantages of greenfield sites
More garden space, no restrictions of existing network, no clearing of sites needed, land cheaper on outskirts, plots can be larger
Advantages of brownfield sites
Easier to get planning, sites are not left derelict, utilities are already provided, near to shops and other facilities, roads already exist, cuts commuting
Disadvantages of brownfield sites
Less desirable areas, land needs clearing, can be harder to sell, land may be polluted
Case study in London
Stratford
Facts about stratford’s redevelopment
£100 million station, 350 homes, 15,000 new jobs created, newly opened schools.
Cost of Stratford’s redevelopment
£1.3 billion
Company who redeveloped Stratford
ODA
How many people die from air pollution in London?
4,300 per year
How many drivers are there in London?
9.9 million
How to reduce pollution in cars
Turn off engine when stationary
Illnesses caused by air pollution
Asthma, heart disease, lung cancer
How many people in the UK have a car?
27% of households
How many children in London have asthma?
1/5 children
Case study of ethnic segregation in the UK
Leeds
How many people in Leeds are worried that their race will effect their life chances?
3/5 people
How have Leeds tackled ethnic segregation
Listened to ethnic communities, improved English language taught in schools, free access to community facilities (eg gym membership)
CBD decline in Bristol dates
Between 1960 and 1980’s the CBD fell into decline
How much was land in the CBD originally rented for?
£400 pounds per square foot
What was a side affect of the CBD decline?
Crime, pollution, traffic congestion
Decentralisation leads to what affect?
The ‘doughnut effect’ - companies move from inner city to outer city due to reduced cost of land
Who paid for the development of Cabot Circus?
The Bristol Alliance
How much was spent on Cabot Circus?
£500 million
Dates of which Cabot Circus was made
2006-2008
Ways in which Cabot Circus has widened its appeal
Cinema, designer shops, mini golf, entertainment, strong design, parking, hosts events
Squatter settlement case study
Kibera, South Nairobi
Two people that have helped the people of Kibera
Andre Leeheer and Nathan Collett
Andre Leeheer is originally from where and teaches what?
Amsterdam, Holland. Teaches Muay Thai boxing
Nathan Collett’s film was called…
He set up a what in Kibera?
Kibera Kid. A school
How where people originally getting electricity?
Tapping into electricity wires illegally
How orphans are there in Kibera?
40,000
Name of the upgrading project in Kibera
KENSUP - Kenya slums upgrading project.
Forms of international help for Kibera
Comic relief, gap year students helping, education and medical care provided.
Forms of self help in Kibera
Informal work, DIY schemes
