Water management schemes

Question 1

How do water meters help to manage water?

Answer 1

• Metering gives customers a financial incentive to save water and can therefore promote water efficiency measures.
• Households reduce their water consumption by 10% on average
• introduction of variable tariffs (seasonal/rising block) - incentive to reduce water

Question 1

What is the domestic way of managing water allocation?

Answer 1

water meters

Question 2

when using water meters how much % of water consumption improved by?

Answer 2

10%

Question 3

LIDC managing domestic water

Answer 3

• In India an emphasis on recycling for the rapid growing population
  citizens will drink a mixture recycled water and rainwater
• In Bangalore treating sewage water for drinking water → a treat in Samethanahalli to be built to treat 400 mil l water
• Mumbai municipal corporation intends to reduce water supply from 140 - 90 L per day

Question 4

ACs managing domestic water

Answer 4

• turn off the tap = 6l saved
• fix dripping taps - saves 5.5k l annually
• wait until a full load before turning on dishwasher or washing machine
• collect rainwater water butts
• Wash our cars using bucket and sponge rinsing with watering can

Question 5

State two agricultural practices to manage water cycles

Answer 5

1. Changes to farming practices
2. Overhead irrigation sprinklers

Question 6

How does changing to famring practices help to manage water cycle ?

Answer 6

• Changes to farming practice, crop type or variety, can reduce the demand for water from agriculture, and research and knowledge transfer can also help address water use.
• Recently an irrigation best practice guide and water management toolkit for field crop growers funding research to optimise water use through focusing on breeding and novel watering techniques

Question 7

How can overhead irrigation sprinklers manage water cycle?

Answer 7

Overhead irrigation sprinklers give much more control and equal distribution pattern → but in extremely dry conditions much of the water may evaporate before it reaches the ground

Question 8

Diffrernce in ACs and LIDcs in agricultural management techniques

Answer 8

• HICs use more amount of water to irrigate crops due to the methods that they use
• Automated spray in UK uses 75 litres of water per second at press of a button
  Hnd

Question 9

Water allocation industrial case study cadbury example

Answer 9

Committed to saving water → achieved through reusing wastewater
* company installed an onsite wastewater treatment plant to clean water from the production process
* water is then reused such as in the cooling towers
* As a result of investment able to reduce demand for water on site 15% per year reducing 17 mil L of water a year

Question 10

LIDC industrial water allocation

Answer 10

• Industry in LICs is often small scale businesses run from home or in self built unity - use little or low water
• However, with the growth of TNCs the amount of water being used in these countries is increasing

Question 11

ACs industrial water allocation

Answer 11

HICs is mostly large scale factories that use millions of litres of water in the production of various items

Question 12

Drainage basin management

Whats a soakaway ?

Answer 12

take the form of stone filled trenches or porous chambers - are use for draining surface water from roofs or runoff from roads and other surfaces

Question 13

Drainage basin management

What is porous surfaces?

Answer 13

Concrete blocks, porous tarmac or lose gravel are all applicable to situations in private properties / porous tarmac in highways

Question 14

Drainage basin management

What is open conveyance?

Answer 14

Swales and detention basins which work by conveyance,storage and infiltration

Question 15

Name 2 projects that have been completed in Pickering, North Yorkshire and briefly explain how it has managed flood risk

Answer 15

1. Blocking of moorland drains and controlling erosion → three moorland drains are identified as discharging too much run off were blocked with nearly 200 small check dams were assembled using heather bales to alleviate runoff from other drainage points
2. Planting farm woodland → planting woodland increases soil infiltration and water evaporation rather than land use for farming which increases runoff through compaction of soil

Question 16

How does the UK Forestry and Flood Management helps to manage the water cycle?

Answer 16

The GOVT. flood and coastal erosion risk management strategy / Making space for water / Defra’s policy statement.

The strategy identifies sustainable development should be rooted in all flood and coastal erosion risk management

Question 17

Woodland provides options

Answer 17

• abilty of woodland to slow down flood flows
• increase flood storage
• sustainable method for flood alleviation lanting floodplain woodland would help to meet the UK * Biodiversity Action Plan target to create 7650 ha of wet woodland in England by 2015.