topic 4.1.b

Question 1

Water cycle what are the 3 stores at macro scale ?

Answer 1

Atmosphere
Ocean
Land

Question 2

How does water move between stores?

Answer 2

• precipitation
• evapotranspiration
• runoff
• groundwater flow

Question 3

Carbon cycle where does it move between

Answer 3

Atmosphere
Oceans
Soil
Biosphere

Question 4

What are the main pathways of carbon through pathways?

Answer 4

• photosynthesis
• respiration
• oxidation
• weathering

Question 5

lithosphere

Answer 5

The rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle. It’s divided into tectonic plates.

Question 6

Biosphere

Answer 6

The space at the Earth’s surface and within the atmosphere occupied by living organisms

Question 7

Hydrosphere

Answer 7

all the waters on the earth’s surface such as lakes and eas

Question 8

cryosphere

Answer 8

The frozen part of the Earth’s surface, including the polar ice caps, continental ice sheets, glaciers, sea ice, and permafrost

Question 9

Atmosphere

Answer 9

The evelope of gases surrounding the planet

Question 10

what is a system ?

Answer 10

is any set of interrelated components that are working together to form a working unit or unified whole.

Question 11

What type of systems are the carbon and water cycle at a global scale?

Answer 11

closed system

Question 12

Water cycle Vs drainage basin
WATER CYCLE

Answer 12

• Closed system
• Global scale
• Energy travels around but matter cannot enter or leave ie water

Question 13

Drainage basin vs water cycle
DRAINAGE BASIN

Answer 13

• Local scale
• Open system
• Energy / matter (water) can open and leave

Question 14

What are the stores of water? (8)

Answer 14

1. oceans
2. polar ice caps
3. groundwater
4. lakes
5. soils
6. atmosphere
7. rivers
8. biosphere

Question 15

how much of the world is covered in ocean %?

Answer 15

71%

Question 16

how much of global water is stored in oceans and the atmosphere and polar ice

Answer 16

• 97%
• 0.0001%
• 2%

Question 17

What does residence times mean?

Answer 17

the time for a water molecule to enter and leave a part of the system.

Question 18

what is the estimated budget of water cycle ?

Answer 18

505,000Km3 a year

Question 19

how does water move throughout the system? 4 points

Answer 19

1) Inputs of water to the atmosphere include water evaporated from oceans,soils,lakes and rivers + vapour transpired through leaves → together = evapotranspiration

2) Moisture leaves atmosphere as precipitation and condensation/ glaciers release water by ablation

3) Precipitation and meltwater drain from the land as surface runoff into rivers
Most rivers flow to the ocean though some to inland basins
A large part of water falling as precipitation on land reachers rivers only after infiltrating and flowing through soil

After infiltration of the soil water under gravity may percolate into permeable rocks or aquifers → this groundwater eventually reaches the surface as springs or seepages and contributes to run off