topic 4.1.b Flashcards
Water cycle what are the 3 stores at macro scale ?
Atmosphere
Ocean
Land
How does water move between stores?
- precipitation
- evapotranspiration
- runoff
- groundwater flow
Carbon cycle where does it move between
Atmosphere
Oceans
Soil
Biosphere
What are the main pathways of carbon through pathways?
- photosynthesis
- respiration
- oxidation
- weathering
lithosphere
The rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle. It’s divided into tectonic plates.
Biosphere
The space at the Earth’s surface and within the atmosphere occupied by living organisms
Hydrosphere
all the waters on the earth’s surface such as lakes and eas
cryosphere
The frozen part of the Earth’s surface, including the polar ice caps, continental ice sheets, glaciers, sea ice, and permafrost
Atmosphere
The evelope of gases surrounding the planet
what is a system ?
is any set of interrelated components that are working together to form a working unit or unified whole.
What type of systems are the carbon and water cycle at a global scale?
closed system
Water cycle Vs drainage basin
WATER CYCLE
- Closed system
- Global scale
- Energy travels around but matter cannot enter or leave ie water
Drainage basin vs water cycle
DRAINAGE BASIN
- Local scale
- Open system
- Energy / matter (water) can open and leave
What are the stores of water? (8)
- oceans
- polar ice caps
- groundwater
- lakes
- soils
- atmosphere
- rivers
- biosphere
how much of the world is covered in ocean %?
71%
how much of global water is stored in oceans and the atmosphere and polar ice
- 97%
- 0.0001%
- 2%
What does residence times mean?
the time for a water molecule to enter and leave a part of the system.
what is the estimated budget of water cycle ?
505,000Km3 a year
how does water move throughout the system? 4 points
1) Inputs of water to the atmosphere include water evaporated from oceans,soils,lakes and rivers + vapour transpired through leaves → together = evapotranspiration
2) Moisture leaves atmosphere as precipitation and condensation/ glaciers release water by ablation
3) Precipitation and meltwater drain from the land as surface runoff into rivers
Most rivers flow to the ocean though some to inland basins
A large part of water falling as precipitation on land reachers rivers only after infiltrating and flowing through soil
After infiltration of the soil water under gravity may percolate into permeable rocks or aquifers → this groundwater eventually reaches the surface as springs or seepages and contributes to run off
