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WELL AP v1_ LP > Water Concept > Flashcards

Water Concept Flashcards

1
Q

How much water should women and men drink?

A

W - 2.7 L

Men - 3.7 L

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2
Q

How many deaths annually attributed to unsafe water?

A

2 million

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3
Q

The quality of surface water in the U.S. is protected by which of the following legislation?

A

Clean Water Act

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4
Q

Two metals linked to developmental delays and deficits in learning abilities in children?

A

Lead and mercury

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5
Q

F30 - Fundamental Water Quality - What are the two major indicators for the presence of other contaminants? What are their limits?

A

Sample water:

Turbidity (<1.0 NTU)

Total Coliforms (0)

N.B. coliforms is a microorganism that includes bacteria. High coliforms = pathogens in the water

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6
Q

F31 - Inorganic Water Cotaminants

p1 Dissolved Metals (6 & Filter)

A

CALMAN:

  1. Copper
  2. Arsenic
  3. Lead
  4. Mercury 0.002 mg/L
  5. Antimony
  6. Nickel

2 filtration systems:

  1. RO filter (Reverse-Osmosis) = membtrana 50-80% acqua sprecata
  2. KDF filter (Kinetic Degradation Fluxion filter) contain granules of a copper-zync
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7
Q

F32 - Organic Pollutants

8 Water Contaminants + 1 Filter and 3 Health Impacts

A

(8) SBEV TXT e PCBs

  • Styrene, Benzene, Ethylbenzene, Vinyl (0.002 mg/L)
  • Toluene, Xylenes, TCE
  • PCBs (0.0005 mg/L.)

(1) Activated carbon filter (GAC)
(3) Health impacts:

  • cancer
  • immune deficiencies
  • nervous system damage
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8
Q

F33 - Agricultural contaminants - water must meet limits for what 4 chemicals (p1) and 1 fertilizer (p2)?

A

GAS 2,4 NITRATE

Drinking water limits:

p1 - Pesticides and herbicides GAS 2,4 :

  • Glyphosate -
  • Atrazine
  • Simazine
  • 2,4-D

p2 - Fertilizer: Nitrates < 50 mg/L

N.B. use Activated Carbon filter (GAC)

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9
Q

F33 - Agricultural contaminants: what % of streams surface and groundwater contaminated in the ’90s

A
  • ALL streams in ag/urban/mixed use areas;
  • 30-60% of groundwater
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10
Q

F34 - Public Water Additives (Disinfectans, Disinfectants By-Products, Fluoride)

p1 - Disinfectans
Wich are the two disinfectants to control and destroy harmful microorganisms?

A
  • chlorine (< 0,6 mg/L)
  • chloramine (< 4 mg/L)

“Activated Carbon Filter” (GAC) to limits the excessive level

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11
Q

F34 - Public Water Additives (Disinfectans, Disinfectants By-Products, Fluoride)

p2 - Disinfectant By-Products
Which are the two DBPs?

A
  • Trihalomethanes (THM) < 0,08 mg/ L
  • Halocetic acids (HAAs) < 0,06 mg/ L

(cancer & kidney damage)

“Activated Carbon Filter” (GAC) to limits the excessive level

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12
Q

F34 - Public Water Additives (Disinfectans, Disinfectants By-Products, Fluoride)

p3 - Fluoride
What are the limits for flouride?

A

Fluoride < 4.0 mg/L (dental fluorosis)

“RO” (Reverse osmosis) or “Distillation” are the two remediations

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13
Q

F34 - Public Water Additives (Disinfectans, Disinfectants By-Products, Fluoride)

Excessive exposure of chlorine/chloramine and fluoride in water can cause adverse effects. Which ones?

A

aesthetic mottling of the teeth, stomach discomfort, eye/skin irritation, and cancer

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14
Q

F35 - Periodic Drinking Water Quality Testing

p1 - Requires to document and report which substances (4)? how often is testing done and reports submitted?

p2 - What are the three requirements for the written policy t?

(Quarterly Testing, Data Record Keeping)

A

p1-

CALM
Copper (1,0 mg/L)
Arsenic (0,01 mg/L)
Lead (0,01 mg/L)
Mercury (0,002 mg/L)

tested quarterly reports submitted annually, kept for 3 years

p2-

  • How to enforce water quality monitoring and record-keeping strategies
  • Records be kept for 3 years
  • Plan for taking action if dissolved metals levels exceed the limits of Feature 31
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15
Q

F36 - Water Treatment (Organic chemical removal, Sediment Filter, Microbial Elimination. Water Quality Maintenance, Legionella Control)

p1-2-3-5 What are the 4 types of contaminants and removal technique for each?

p4- Water Quality Maintenance documentation and sumbission?

A

p1-2-3-5

organic compounds → activated carbon

sediments → filter suspended solids

microbial → UVGI or NSF filter

Legionella → hazard analysis (a professional narrative that addresses the control of Legionella)

p4- annually to IWBI, kept for three years

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16
Q

F37 - Drinking Water Promotion (Water taste properties, Water access, Water dispencer maintance)

p1- what affect taste of water? (8)

A

MASSICZ e Total Dissolved Solids

Manganese (< 0,05 mg/L)
Aluminum (< 0,2 mg/L)
Sodium (< 270 mg/L)
Sulfate (< 250 mg/L)
Iron (< 0,3 mg/L)
Chloride (< 250 mg/L)
Zinc (< 5 mg/L)
Total Dissolved Solids < 500 mg/L

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17
Q

F37 - Drinking water Promotion (Water taste properties, Water access, Water dispencer maintance)

p2 - Where should water dispensers be located?

p3 - How often are water dispenser parts cleaned?

A

p2-

30 m (100 ft) of all parts of regularly occupied space

p3-

daily → mouthpieces, protective guards, basins (bocchini, protezioni, bacinelle)

quarterly → outlet screens and aerators (schermi e aeratori di uscita)

18
Q

F37 - Drinking Water Promotion documentation (4)

A

PLOS

Performance test

Letter of Assurance - Architect

Operations Schedule

Spot Check

19
Q

Coliform

A

A microorganism, including bacteria such as E. coli, naturally found in soil, vegetation, and in the intestinal tract of mammals.

20
Q

Kinetic degradation fluxion (KDF)

A

Water filter for inorganic contaminants that contains flakes or granules of a copper-and-zinc alloy.

21
Q

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)

A

Herbicide that is likely to run off into ground and surface water sources

22
Q

Reverse-osmosis (RO) filtration system

A

Water filtration system that uses a semipermeable membrane to filter water

23
Q

Legionella

A

A bacterium that is found in freshwater and can cause a serious form of pneumonia called Legionnaires’ disease.

24
Q

Granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration system

A

An example of activated carbon filter, highly effective with organic contaminants, uses oxygen-treated carbon to chemically bond with the organic contaminants in water.

25
Q

Microbial cyst

A

A microorganism in its dormant state that is resistant to typical disinfection methods.

26
Q

Inorganic contaminant

A

An element or compound that may be found in a water supply, occurring from natural sources such as the geology of a location, resulting from human activities such as mining and industry, or leaching into a water supply through outdated or malfunctioning water supply infrastructure.

27
Q

Organic contaminant

A

A human-made compound or chemical containing carbon atoms that has leached into ground and surface water from industrial activities, such as the production of plastics.

28
Q

Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI)

A

A sterilization method that uses UV light to break down microorganisms by destroying their DNA.

29
Q

Simazine

A

A popular herbicide that is used to control weeds.

30
Q

Glyphosate

A

A nonselective herbicide that is used in many pesticide form

kidney and reproductive problems

drift, residues on food crops, and runoff into drinking water sources

31
Q

Water that is used for cooling towers, boilers, and industrial processes.

A

Process water

32
Q

A highly irritating, greenish-yellow gaseous halogen that can be introduced into a water supply as a gas, sodium hypochlorite solution, or calcium hypochlorite solid.

A

Chlorine

33
Q

An infectious biological agent such as a bacterium, virus, or fungus that is capable of causing disease in its host.

A

Pathogen

34
Q

Atrazine

A

A pesticide that is among the most widely used pesticides in

endocrine disruptor and cardiovascular

35
Q

List techniques used to maintain water quality (3)

A

carbon filters

sediment filters

UV sanitation

36
Q

The rate at which inorganic metals leach into drinking water is affected by: (3)

A

temperature

PH

weather

37
Q

Disinfectant by-product (DBP)

A

A compound that forms when chlroine and chloramine react with organic materials in a water supply

38
Q

Pathogen

A

An infectious biological agent such as bacterium, virus or fungus

39
Q

Number of Preconditions and Optimizations

A

30-34 (P) 35-37 (O)

40
Q
A

WELL AP v1_ LP (25 decks)

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