Water Balance 3, 4, 5 Flashcards
Which of the following ions is abundantly present in the ICF? A. Bicarbonate B. Sodium C. Chloride D. Phosphate
Phosphate
Concerning body fluid compartments which of the following is true?
A. Transcellular water is located in the spaces b/w cells
B. ECF consists of interstitial fluid, plasma and transcellular water
C. Glomerular filtrate is an interstitial fluid
ECF consists of interstitial fluid, plasma and transcellular water
T/F: One important stimulus for thirst is increased ECF osmolality.
True
T/F: The major force favoring filtration at the arterial end of capillaries is the hydrostatic pressure of the blood.
True
T/F: An edema is an accumulation of water in the interstitium.
True
T/F: All of the homeostatic mechanisms that monitor and adjust the composition of body fluids responds to changes in the ECF, not in the ICF.
True
Homeostatic adjustments occur in response to changes in what?
Plasma volume or osmolality (total concentration of solutes).
Can receptors detect how much water, sodium, chloride, or potassium is present in the entire body?
No
T/F: Cells are able to move water molecules by active transport.
False, all water movement across cell membranes occur passively, in response to osmotic
gradients.
When will the body content of water or electrolytes rise?
If intake exceeds outflow and fall if losses exceed gains.
What are physiological adjustments regulated by?
Circulating hormones
Why are ICF and ECF often called fluid compartments?
They behave as distinct entities
What is calcium required for?
Strong bones and teeth
What is chloride necessary for?
In the stomach to create HCl
What is potassium required for?
Regulates water and electrolyte content of ICF
What is sodium required for?
Controls body water distribution between ECF and ICF
How are compartment volumes are measured by?
Determining the volume of distribution of a tracer substance
A tracer should be…?
Non toxic, not metabolized, rapidly & evenly distributed, not be excreted, easy to measure, not interfere with body fluid distribution
What is the difference b/w ionic tracers and crystalloid tracers?
The ionic tracers are small and distribute throughout the ECF & there is some entry into cells. The crystalloids are larger and less diffusable throughout the ECF.
Tracer substances used to measure body fluid compartments must be…
A. Nontoxic
B. Metabolized
C. Rapidly & evenly distributed in the compartment
D. A & B
E. A & C
Nontoxic and Rapidly & evenly distributed in the compartment
What are the properties of indicator substances used to calculate GFR?
They must be freely filterable
Their filtered amount must not change due to resorption or secretion in the tubule
They must not be metabolized in the kidney
They must not alter renal function
What are the two commonly used indicator substances?
Inulin and creatinine
What is GFR also called, and what is the definition?
Clearance = the rate the plasma is cleared of a substance, if the substance freely filterable
Which of the following hormones are involved in water balance? A. ADH B. Aldosterone C. ANP D. A & B E. All of the above
All of the above
