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Cell Phys Exam 4 > Water Balance 3, 4, 5 > Flashcards

Water Balance 3, 4, 5 Flashcards

1
Q 
Which of the following ions is abundantly present in the ICF?
A. Bicarbonate
B. Sodium
C. Chloride
D. Phosphate
A

Phosphate

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2
Q

Concerning body fluid compartments which of the following is true?
A. Transcellular water is located in the spaces b/w cells
B. ECF consists of interstitial fluid, plasma and transcellular water
C. Glomerular filtrate is an interstitial fluid

A

ECF consists of interstitial fluid, plasma and transcellular water

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3
Q

T/F: One important stimulus for thirst is increased ECF osmolality.

A

True

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4
Q

T/F: The major force favoring filtration at the arterial end of capillaries is the hydrostatic pressure of the blood.

A

True

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5
Q

T/F: An edema is an accumulation of water in the interstitium.

A

True

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6
Q

T/F: All of the homeostatic mechanisms that monitor and adjust the composition of body fluids responds to changes in the ECF, not in the ICF.

A

True

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7
Q

Homeostatic adjustments occur in response to changes in what?

A

Plasma volume or osmolality (total concentration of solutes).

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8
Q

Can receptors detect how much water, sodium, chloride, or potassium is present in the entire body?

A

No

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9
Q

T/F: Cells are able to move water molecules by active transport.

A

False, all water movement across cell membranes occur passively, in response to osmotic
gradients.

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10
Q

When will the body content of water or electrolytes rise?

A

If intake exceeds outflow and fall if losses exceed gains.

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11
Q

What are physiological adjustments regulated by?

A

Circulating hormones

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12
Q

Why are ICF and ECF often called fluid compartments?

A

They behave as distinct entities

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13
Q

What is calcium required for?

A

Strong bones and teeth

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14
Q

What is chloride necessary for?

A

In the stomach to create HCl

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15
Q

What is potassium required for?

A

Regulates water and electrolyte content of ICF

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16
Q

What is sodium required for?

A

Controls body water distribution between ECF and ICF

17
Q

How are compartment volumes are measured by?

A

Determining the volume of distribution of a tracer substance

18
Q

A tracer should be…?

A

Non toxic, not metabolized, rapidly & evenly distributed, not be excreted, easy to measure, not interfere with body fluid distribution

19
Q

What is the difference b/w ionic tracers and crystalloid tracers?

A

The ionic tracers are small and distribute throughout the ECF & there is some entry into cells. The crystalloids are larger and less diffusable throughout the ECF.

20
Q

Tracer substances used to measure body fluid compartments must be…
A. Nontoxic
B. Metabolized
C. Rapidly & evenly distributed in the compartment
D. A & B
E. A & C

A

Nontoxic and Rapidly & evenly distributed in the compartment

21
Q

What are the properties of indicator substances used to calculate GFR?

A

They must be freely filterable
Their filtered amount must not change due to resorption or secretion in the tubule
They must not be metabolized in the kidney
They must not alter renal function

22
Q

What are the two commonly used indicator substances?

A

Inulin and creatinine

23
Q

What is GFR also called, and what is the definition?

A

Clearance = the rate the plasma is cleared of a substance, if the substance freely filterable

24
Q 
Which of the following hormones are involved in water balance?
A. ADH
B. Aldosterone
C. ANP
D. A & B
E. All of the above
A

All of the above

25
Q

When there is a water deficit, what happens to the osmolarity?

A

Increases

26
Q

When there is a water excess, what happens to the osmolarity?

A

Decreases

27
Q

T/F: Diabetes insipidus occurs when the kidneys cannot concentrate the urine normally, and a large amount of dilute urine is excreted.

A

True

28
Q

What happens with diabetes insipidus centralis?

A

Lack of ADH synthesis in the posterior pituitary, causes tumors and hypothalamus damage

29
Q

What happens with diabetes insipidus renalis?

A

ADH is produced but can’t act in the kidneys, causing kidney disease

30
Q

What is the difference between hypovolemia and dehydration?

A

Hypovolemia is loss of fluid volume, versus dehydration is reduced fluid volume

31
Q

What is intracellular edema?

A

Intracellular swelling

32
Q

What are some causes of intracellular edema?

A

Hyponatremia, ischemia, inflammation

33
Q

What is extracellular edema?

A

Excess fluid in extracellular space

34
Q

What are some causes of extracellular edema?

A

Increased capillary pressure, decreased plasma

proteins, increased capillary permeability, blockage of lymph return

35
Q

T/F: A lymph edema is a kind of intracellular edema.

A

False

Cell Phys Exam 4 (6 decks)

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