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Cell Phys Exam 4 > Water Balance 2 > Flashcards

Water Balance 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which hormone stimulates the synthesis of aquaporins?

A

ADH

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2
Q

Which hormone is important for sodium and water reabsorption in the kidney?

A

Aldosterone

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3
Q

Which of the following concerning thirst is true?
A. One stimulus for thirst is a reduced osmolarity in the ECF
B. The thirst center is located in the CNS
C. Blood loss (hemorrhage) would not activate thirst

A

The thirst center is located in the CNS

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4
Q

When is the RAAS activated?

A

When there is a decrease in the arterial pressure (hypotension).

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5
Q

What does Angiotensin II stimulate the release of?

A

Aldosterone from adrenal cortex

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6
Q

What are the effects of Angiotensin II?

A

Increase thirst, ADH, vasoconstriction, aldosterone.

Decrease hydrostatic pressure.

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7
Q

What is the ultimate effect of hypotension?

A

Increase water retention and arterial blood pressure

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8
Q

What is dehydration?

A

Occurs when water loss is greater than water gain

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9
Q

What are 3 effects of dehydration?

A
  1. Decreased saliva- dry mouth
  2. Increased blood osmotic pressure
  3. Decreased blood volume & blood pressure
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10
Q

What happens when there is a decrease in blood pressure?

A

This stimulates renin to be released from the kidneys

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11
Q

What happens when there is an increase in renin?

A

Increased Angiotensin II production

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12
Q

What does Angiotensin II then stimulate?

A

Stimulates the thirst center in the hypothalamus

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13
Q

What is the main way to regulate body fluid gain?

A

By adjusting the volume of preformed water intake; drinking more or less fluids.

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14
Q

What are three hormones that regulate fluid loss?

A

ADH, Aldosterone, ANP

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15
Q

Where does the hormone ANP come from?

A

The atria of the heart

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16
Q

An increase in blood osmolarity or a decrease in blood volume stimulates the release of what hormone?

A

ADH

17
Q

When does ANP release from the heart?

A

In response to abnormal stretching of the atrial walls

caused by elevated blood pressure or an increase in blood volume.

18
Q

What does the atrial natriuretic peptide hormone do (from the name)?

A

Eliminates sodium through the urine

19
Q

Where is ADH produced and secreted?

A

Produced: hypothalamus
Secreted: posterior pituitary

20
Q

What do osmoreceptors do?

A

Monitor the osmotic concentration of the ECF.

21
Q

What is the relationship between the rate of ADH release and osmolarity?

A

Direct relationship (inc osmolarity, inc ADH release)

22
Q

What are the effects of an increased release of ADH

A
  1. Stimulates water retention in the kidneys, reducing diuresis and concentrating the urine
  2. Stimulates the thirst center to promote drinking
23
Q

What happens to the plasma osmolarity during dehydration?

A

Increased

24
Q

What happens to the plasma osmolarity during overhydration?

A

Decreased

25
Q

T/F: Collecting ducts are water permeable and determine the osmolality of the excreted urine.

A

True

26
Q

What happens when ADH is absent in the collecting ducts?

A

They will be relatively impermeable to water, produce diluted urine.

27
Q

What two results may occur due to hypotonicity, or poor renal function?

A
  1. Water intoxication

2. Circulatory shock

28
Q

Which hormone directly affects sodium absorption in the kidneys?

A

Aldosterone

29
Q

T/F: The higher the plasma aldosterone

concentration, the less efficiently the kidneys will conserve sodium.

A

False, more efficiently

30
Q

Aldosterone release occurs in response to activation of the renin-angiotensin system by which 3 ways?

A
  1. Decrease in blood pressure
  2. Increase in ECF osmolarity
  3. Increase in K+ levels
31
Q

Is secretion of aldosterone directly influenced by Na+ concentration in the plasma?

A

No

32
Q

What is the key role of potassium in the cell?

A

Establish the resting membrane potential, and in the repolarization phase of action potentials in nervous and muscle tissue.

33
Q

What hormone controls the plasma levels of K+?

A

Aldosterone

34
Q

How does ANP reduce blood pressure and volume?

A
  1. Increasing water loss at the kidneys.
  2. Reducing thirst.
  3. Blocking the release of ADH.
  4. Stimulating peripheral vasodilation.
35
Q

What happens when blood pressure and volume decrease?

A

The stretch on the atrial walls is removed, and ANP secretion decreases.

Cell Phys Exam 4 (6 decks)

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