Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cell Phys Exam 4 > Thyroid & Adrenal > Flashcards

Thyroid & Adrenal Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the structure of the thyroid.

A

Bi-lobe –> either side of trachea, different among species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where are the parathyroid glands found?

A

Beside the thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the functional unit of the thyroid?

A

Thyroid follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Thyroid follicles

A

Spherical arrangement of epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do thyroid follicles produce?

A

Thyroid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

An intrafollicular fluid rich in thyroglobulin

A

Colloid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where are parafollicular cells located?

A

Beside the follicular cells, b/w thyroid follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is another name for parafollicular cells?

A

C-cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What hormone do C-cells produce?

A

Calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Functional unit of the parathyroid

A

Parathyroid cells, or chief cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do chief cells produce?

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F: Parafollicular and parathyroid cells are the main producers of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4).

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 2 precursors necessary for synthesizing thyroid hormones?

A
  1. Tyrosine

2. Iodide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which protein is rich in tyrosine?

A

Thyroglobulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the process called where iodide is obtained from the diet and taken up in the blood to the follicular cells?

A

Iodide trapping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the important enzyme that catalyzes synthesis reactions?

A

Thyroid peroxidase (TPO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is thyroid peroxidase produced?

A

Follicular cells/ epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Briefly discuss synthesis of thyroid hormones.

A
  1. Oxidation of iodide –> iodine (iodide trapping)
  2. Iodination of tyrosines - addition of iodine onto tyrosine (organification of iodide)
  3. Coupling –> T3 & T4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which is more abundant, T3 or T4?

A

T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Thyroid peroxidase is a precursor for thyroid hormone synthesis.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where is thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) produced?

A

Hypothalamus

22
Q

What produces thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)?

A

Thyrotropes

23
Q

Where does TSH travel to?

A

By way of the circulatory system to target organ- thyroid follicular cells

24
Q

T/F: T3 & T4 are water soluble hormones.

A

False, lipophilic or fat soluble

25
Q

T/F: T3 & T4 are usually bound to transport proteins in the circulatory system, and are biologically inactive.

A

True

26
Q

Where are thyroid binding proteins produced?

A

Liver

27
Q

Give an example of an important thyroid binding protein.

A

Thyroid binding globulin (TBG)

28
Q

T/F: In the circulation, more abundant and less bioactive T4 is converted to less abundant and more bioactive T3 by tissue specific deiodinases.

A

True

29
Q

What is the objective of calcitonin?

A

Decrease blood calcium

30
Q

What tissues does calcitonin target?

A

Bone, kidney, digestive tract

31
Q

What is the primary action of parathyroid hormone?

A

Increase blood calcium levels

32
Q

Describe the location of the adrenal glands.

A

Paired above cranial aspect of respective kidneys

33
Q

3 parts of the adrenal gland

A

Capsule, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla

34
Q

What are the 3 zones of the adrenal cortex?

A

Zona glomerulosa, zona fasiculata, zona reticularis

35
Q

What is the adrenal cortex made up of?

A

Corticosteroids: mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticoids (cortisol)
Sex hormones

36
Q

What is produced by the medulla?

A

Catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine)

37
Q

What is another name for epinephrine?

A

Adrenaline

38
Q

What are mineralocorticoids stimulated by?

A

Signals from the kidneys and pituitary

39
Q

What are glucocorticoids stimulated by?

A

Signals from the hypothalamus and pituitary

40
Q

What are catecholamines stimulated by?

A

Signals from the sympathetic nervous system (ANS)

41
Q

What is the main precursor for mineralocorticoids?

A

Cholesterol

42
Q

Zona glomerulosa

A

Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

43
Q

Zona fasiculata

A

Glucocorticoids (cortisol)

44
Q

Zona reticularis

A

Sex hormones

45
Q

Main stimulants of aldosterone

A
  • Low blood Na+
  • High blood K+
  • Low blood volume and pressure
46
Q

Major functions of aldosterone

A

Regulate Na+ and K+ through the distal tubules in kidneys

47
Q

Is feedback of aldosterone positive or negative?

A

Negative

48
Q

T/F: The main stimulus for aldosterone secretion is high blood Na+ and low blood K+.

A

False, opposite

49
Q

What is a major function of cortisol?

A

Maintain homeostasis regarding blood glucose

50
Q

T/F: primary regulation of cortisol is by negative feedback of increased blood glucose.

A

False

51
Q

Stimulation of adrenal gland catecholamine is via the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic

Cell Phys Exam 4 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions