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Cell Phys Exam 4 > Acid/ Base Intro Godoy > Flashcards

Acid/ Base Intro Godoy Flashcards

1
Q 
The lowest blood pH a patient can survive with is?
A. 7
B. 6.8
C. 6.5
D. 6.0
A

6.8

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2
Q

What is the normal pH of the blood?

A

7.4

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3
Q 
The highest blood pH a patient can survive with is?
A. 7.5
B. 7.8
C. 8.0
D. 8.5
A

7.8

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4
Q

Range of blood pH?

A

6.8- 7.8

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5
Q 
If blood pH is 7.4, how is it in interstitial fluid?
A. Slightly alkaline
B. Strongly acidic
C. Slightly acidic
D. Strongly alkaline
A

Slightly acidic, because of the presence of CO2, there is more CO2 in interstitial fluid

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6
Q 
Which of the following substances are considered buffers?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Bicarbonate
C. Hemoglobin
D. Fatty acids
E. B & C
F. All of the above
A

Bicarbonate & Hemoglobin

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7
Q

Why is a constant pH in the body essential?

A

Essential for cell function, enzymes work at specific pH ranges

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8
Q

What can alter our pH?

A

The concentration of H+

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9
Q

Why are buffers important in the blood?

A

To maintain physiological pH of 7.4, required for cell function

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10
Q

Two organs that help maintaining the physiological pH?

A

Lungs and kidneys

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11
Q

Where do acids come from?

A

Acids are by-products of metabolism

  • Glucose metabolism
  • Fatty acids metabolism
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12
Q

What are acids?

A

Contain hydrogen atoms that donate protons (H+)

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13
Q 
Which blood constituent can be used to indirectly calculate the concentration of H2CO3?
A. Oxygen
B. CO2
C. Bicarbonate
D. H20
A

CO2

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14
Q

Why can’t H2CO3 be measured?

A

Because it dissociates into H+ (acid) and HCO3- (base) very quickly and is unstable

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15
Q

Why can CO2 be used to calculate H2CO3?

A

CO2 is directly proportional to the amount of undissociated H2CO3

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16
Q

What is the Henderson- Hasselbach equation?

A

pH = pKa + log [HA] / A-

17
Q

What is the Henderson- Hasselbach equation for bicarbonate buffer system?

A

pH = 6.1 + log [HCO3-] / (0.03 X PCO2)

18
Q

What happens with increased respiration?

A

Pressure of CO2 will decrease, pH will increase, alkalosis

19
Q

What happens with decreased respiration?

A

Pressure of CO2 will increase, pH will decrease, acidosis

20
Q

In the bicarbonate buffer system, what would happen to the pH if concentrations of HCO3 and PCO2 are equal?

A

pH equals pKa when both components of
this buffer system are in equal concentrations
pH = 6.1
pKa= 6.1

21
Q

T/F: Buffer systems are least effective at pH near to their pKa.

A

False, most effective

22
Q

What is a base?

A

Ion or molecule that can accept H+

23
Q

Which 2 equations belong to the intracellular buffer systems?

A

Proteins (base) + H+ (proton) –> PH+

Hemoglobin (base) + H+ (proton) –> HbH+

24
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A molecule formed by a combo of 1 or more of the alkaline metals (sodium, potassium, etc) with a basic ion
(OH-)

25
Q

T/F: Base = alkali

A

True

26
Q

What is an excess removal of H+ from a solution?

A

Alkalosis

27
Q

What is an excess addition of H+ to a solution?

A

Acidosis

28
Q

What is an acid that rapidly dissociates and releases

high amounts of H+?

A

Strong acid, HCl

29
Q

What is a weak acid?

A

Release H+ with less vigor, H2CO3

30
Q

What is a strong base?

A

A base that reacts rapidly and strongly with H+ and removes H+ very quickly from a solution, OH-

31
Q

What is a base that reacts slowly with H+?

A

Weak base, HCO3-

32
Q

Are most acids and bases present in the ECF strong or weak acids and bases?

A

Weak acids and bases

33
Q

What is the most important acid & base in the ECF?

A

Carbonic acid and bicarbonate

34
Q

What is the acidity of a solution defined by?

A

The concentration of H+ it contains

35
Q

What is the relationship of pH to [H+]?

A

Inverse relationship

36
Q

What is the pH like with solutions that have a higher [H+]?

A

pH is lower

37
Q

What is the pH like with solutions that have a lower [H+]?

A

pH is higher

38
Q

The interstitial fluid has a slightly acidic pH of 7.35, why?

A

Accumulation of CO2 and acid by-products such as lactic acid, ketone bodies –> ketoacidosis

39
Q

Describe the pH for venous blood versus arterial blood.

A

Venous blood is slightly acidic, CO2 is higher.

Arterial blood is slightly alkaline, CO2 is lower.

Cell Phys Exam 4 (6 decks)

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