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water and soil impacts Flashcards

1
Q

freshwater in our world is found in three main places:

A

Atmospheric water
Surface water
Ground water

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2
Q

Two categories of water use:

A

indirect and direct

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3
Q

use water in different activities like hand washing, drinking, cooking, bathing, cleaning and many more.

A

direct

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4
Q

through the food you eat, the things you buy, and even the energy you use.

A

indirect

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5
Q

The water used to produce or process a commodity, commercial goods or service is referred

A

virtual water

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6
Q

measurement of virtual water along the full production - consumption chain is referred to as a

A

water footprint

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7
Q

3 components of water footprint

A

green water footprint.
blue water footprint.
grey water footprint

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8
Q

The Philippines has abundant water resources with an annual average rainfall

A

2,400 millimeters

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9
Q

The surface water potential is

A

125,790 million cubic meter

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10
Q

groundwater potential

A

20,000 MCM

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11
Q

can disturb the components of the natural water cycle through land use diversions, water use/reuse and discharge of wastes into the natural groundwater and surface water

A

HUMAN ACTIVITIES (settlements, industry, and agricultural developments)

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12
Q

(settlements, industry, and agricultural developments)

A

HUMAN ACTIVITIES

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13
Q

refers to consumption of green water resources like rainwater that is stored as soil moisture in the root zone.

A

GREEN WATER FOOTPRINT

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14
Q

also evaporates from plants by evapotranspiration and is important for agriculture, forestry and horticulture

A

GREEN WATER

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15
Q

refers to consumption of blue water resources like surface water and groundwater. This can evaporate, naturally flow or become part of the product

A

BLUE WATER FOOTPRINT

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16
Q

Domestic, industry and irrigated agriculture uses

A

BLUE WATER

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17
Q

refers to polluted water or water used to dilute pollutants to satisfy water quality standards. This is what goes into bathroom floor drains, sinks and sewage facilities.

A

GREY WATER FOOTPRINT

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18
Q

in natural drainage areas can cause soil erosion and pollution. These are direct drivers of ecosystem change.

A

HUMAN ACTIVITIES

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19
Q

high levels of lead, copper or mercury in sediment loads are indications of

A

heavy metal contamination.

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20
Q

changed the physical flow of water into the ecosystem through the manipulation of surface water level and groundwater reservoirs.

A

HABITAT MODIFICATION

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21
Q

like the introduction of non-native species of fish on a lake that has no fish before, can induce important shifts in breeding, feeding and nursing patterns, and even promote algal blooms and the dominance of invasive species.

A

BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS

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22
Q

Freshwater pollution sources in the following nine categories:

A

Organic matter
Pathogens and microbial contaminants
Nutrients from agricultural run-offs
Salinization
Acidification
Heavy Metals
Toxic organic compounds and micro-organic pollutants
Thermal Pollution
Silt and suspended particles
Chemical contamination
Microbiological contamination
Fluctuating natural water temperature cycles

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23
Q

from industrial wastewater and domestic sewage can deplete oxygen from water as it decomposes and suffocates aquatic life.

A

ORGANIC MATTER

24
Q

from domestic sewage, livestock and natural sources can spread infectious diseases through contaminated drinking water supplies

A

Pathogens and microbial contaminants

25
Q

and industrial discharges can over stimulate the growth of algae that leads to eutrophication. Furthermore, high levels in nitrate in drinking water leads to illness in people

A

Nutrients from agricultural run-offs

26
Q

from saltwater intrusions cause salt residue build-up in soils due to over irrigation or over-pumping of coastal aquifers. As irrigated waters evaporate from soils, salt residues are left on the soil to accumulate.

A

SALINIZATION

27
Q

from electric power generation, industrial stacks, and vehicle emissions including acid mine tailings can lower the pH of soils and water.

A

ACIDIFICATION

28
Q

from industries and mining sites can accumulate in the tissues of shellfish and fish. These are toxic to aquatic life and humans.

A

HEAVY METALS

29
Q

from industrial sites, automobiles, agricultural fields, and municipal wastewaters can be toxic to aquatic fauna and humans.

A

Toxic organic compounds and micro-organic pollutants

30
Q

from stored water in dams and reservoirs that warms up due to discharges from cooling towers can change the aquatic oxygen levels and rates of decomposition in the receiving waters.

A

THERMAL POLLUTION

31
Q

from natural soil erosion due to road building, agricultural activities, construction, deforestation, and other land use changes can reduce water quality for drinking and recreation.

A

SILT AND SUSPENDED PARTICLES

32
Q

can be caused by excess in nutrients, heavy metals, and persistent organic pollutants, resulting to acidification, changes in salinity and increase in sediment loads.

A

CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION

33
Q

due to bacteria, viruses and protozoa in water is a leading global human health hazards.

A

MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION

34
Q

can affect metabolic rates and biological functions resulting to long-term population declines.

A

Fluctuating natural water temperature cycles

35
Q

are physical and biological factors that include climate change, land conversion, plant nutrient use, and the onset of diseases and invasive species

A

DIRECT DRIVER

36
Q

are demographic; economic; socio-political; cultural and religious; and scientific and technological factors

A

INDIRECT DRIVER

37
Q

Soil Provides

A

Food, Fiber and Fuel
WATER
RAW EARTH MATERIALS
Surface Stability
Refugia
Pharmaceutical and Genetic resources

38
Q

water, nutrients, and physical support for plant growth, bioenergy and fiber needed by man and animals

A

FOOD,FIBER AND FUEL

39
Q

(retains, stores and purifies water)

40
Q

topsoil, aggregates for construction, peat, etc.)

A

raw earth materials

41
Q

(support for human habitations and related infrastructure

A

surface stability

42
Q

(habitat for soil organisms, birds, etc.)

43
Q

(source of biological materials)

A

Pharmaceutical and Genetic resources

44
Q

(filters, buffers substances, transforms contaminants in water)

A

water quality

45
Q

soil regulates

A

water quality
water supply
climate erosion

46
Q

(water infiltration into soil, water flow within soil, and drainage of excess water out of soil and into groundwater and surface water)

A

water supply

47
Q

(regulates CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions; stores soil organic carbon and sequesters carbon from the atmosphere and land vegetation)

48
Q

(retains soil on the land surface)

49
Q

soil supports

A

Nutrient Cycling
soil formation

50
Q

(soil organisms transform organic materials; releases or retains nutrients on charged surfaces)

A

nutrient cycling

51
Q

(weathers primary minerals; releases nutrients; transforms and increases organic matter; creates structures in soil aggregates and soil horizons for gas, water flow, and root growth; and creates charged surfaces for ion retention or exchange)

A

soil formation

52
Q

Soil’s Cultural Services

A

Aesthetic and spiritual
heritage

53
Q

(preserves natural and cultural landscape diversity, source of pigments and dyes)

A

Aesthetic and spiritual

54
Q

(preserves archaeological records)

55
Q

as runoff and base-flow into and from the catchment areas like lakes

A

surface water

56
Q

in the cracks and spaces of soil, sand, and rocks underground, generally adequate and of high quality that does not require treatment for human use.

A

groundwater

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