water and soil impacts

Question 1

freshwater in our world is found in three main places:

Answer 1

Atmospheric water
Surface water
Ground water

Question 2

Two categories of water use:

Answer 2

indirect and direct

Question 3

use water in different activities like hand washing, drinking, cooking, bathing, cleaning and many more.

Answer 3

direct

Question 4

through the food you eat, the things you buy, and even the energy you use.

Answer 4

indirect

Question 5

The water used to produce or process a commodity, commercial goods or service is referred

Answer 5

virtual water

Question 6

measurement of virtual water along the full production - consumption chain is referred to as a

Answer 6

water footprint

Question 7

3 components of water footprint

Answer 7

green water footprint.
blue water footprint.
grey water footprint

Question 8

The Philippines has abundant water resources with an annual average rainfall

Answer 8

2,400 millimeters

Question 9

The surface water potential is

Answer 9

125,790 million cubic meter

Question 10

groundwater potential

Answer 10

20,000 MCM

Question 11

can disturb the components of the natural water cycle through land use diversions, water use/reuse and discharge of wastes into the natural groundwater and surface water

Answer 11

HUMAN ACTIVITIES (settlements, industry, and agricultural developments)

Question 12

(settlements, industry, and agricultural developments)

Answer 12

HUMAN ACTIVITIES

Question 13

refers to consumption of green water resources like rainwater that is stored as soil moisture in the root zone.

Answer 13

GREEN WATER FOOTPRINT

Question 14

also evaporates from plants by evapotranspiration and is important for agriculture, forestry and horticulture

Answer 14

GREEN WATER

Question 15

refers to consumption of blue water resources like surface water and groundwater. This can evaporate, naturally flow or become part of the product

Answer 15

BLUE WATER FOOTPRINT

Question 16

Domestic, industry and irrigated agriculture uses

Answer 16

BLUE WATER

Question 17

refers to polluted water or water used to dilute pollutants to satisfy water quality standards. This is what goes into bathroom floor drains, sinks and sewage facilities.

Answer 17

GREY WATER FOOTPRINT

Question 18

in natural drainage areas can cause soil erosion and pollution. These are direct drivers of ecosystem change.

Answer 18

HUMAN ACTIVITIES

Question 19

high levels of lead, copper or mercury in sediment loads are indications of

Answer 19

heavy metal contamination.

Question 20

changed the physical flow of water into the ecosystem through the manipulation of surface water level and groundwater reservoirs.

Answer 20

HABITAT MODIFICATION

Question 21

like the introduction of non-native species of fish on a lake that has no fish before, can induce important shifts in breeding, feeding and nursing patterns, and even promote algal blooms and the dominance of invasive species.

Answer 21

BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS

Question 22

Freshwater pollution sources in the following nine categories:

Answer 22

Organic matter
Pathogens and microbial contaminants
Nutrients from agricultural run-offs
Salinization
Acidification
Heavy Metals
Toxic organic compounds and micro-organic pollutants
Thermal Pollution
Silt and suspended particles
Chemical contamination
Microbiological contamination
Fluctuating natural water temperature cycles

Question 23

from industrial wastewater and domestic sewage can deplete oxygen from water as it decomposes and suffocates aquatic life.

Answer 23

ORGANIC MATTER

Question 24

from domestic sewage, livestock and natural sources can spread infectious diseases through contaminated drinking water supplies

Answer 24

Pathogens and microbial contaminants

Question 25

and industrial discharges can over stimulate the growth of algae that leads to eutrophication. Furthermore, high levels in nitrate in drinking water leads to illness in people

Answer 25

Nutrients from agricultural run-offs

Question 26

from saltwater intrusions cause salt residue build-up in soils due to over irrigation or over-pumping of coastal aquifers. As irrigated waters evaporate from soils, salt residues are left on the soil to accumulate.

Answer 26

SALINIZATION

Question 27

from electric power generation, industrial stacks, and vehicle emissions including acid mine tailings can lower the pH of soils and water.

Answer 27

ACIDIFICATION

Question 28

from industries and mining sites can accumulate in the tissues of shellfish and fish. These are toxic to aquatic life and humans.

Answer 28

HEAVY METALS

Question 29

from industrial sites, automobiles, agricultural fields, and municipal wastewaters can be toxic to aquatic fauna and humans.

Answer 29

Toxic organic compounds and micro-organic pollutants

Question 30

from stored water in dams and reservoirs that warms up due to discharges from cooling towers can change the aquatic oxygen levels and rates of decomposition in the receiving waters.

Answer 30

THERMAL POLLUTION

Question 31

from natural soil erosion due to road building, agricultural activities, construction, deforestation, and other land use changes can reduce water quality for drinking and recreation.

Answer 31

SILT AND SUSPENDED PARTICLES

Question 32

can be caused by excess in nutrients, heavy metals, and persistent organic pollutants, resulting to acidification, changes in salinity and increase in sediment loads.

Answer 32

CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION

Question 33

due to bacteria, viruses and protozoa in water is a leading global human health hazards.

Answer 33

MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION

Question 34

can affect metabolic rates and biological functions resulting to long-term population declines.

Answer 34

Fluctuating natural water temperature cycles

Question 35

are physical and biological factors that include climate change, land conversion, plant nutrient use, and the onset of diseases and invasive species

Answer 35

DIRECT DRIVER

Question 36

are demographic; economic; socio-political; cultural and religious; and scientific and technological factors

Answer 36

INDIRECT DRIVER

Question 37

Soil Provides

Answer 37

Food, Fiber and Fuel WATER RAW EARTH MATERIALS Surface Stability Refugia Pharmaceutical and Genetic resources

Question 38

water, nutrients, and physical support for plant growth, bioenergy and fiber needed by man and animals

Answer 38

FOOD,FIBER AND FUEL

Question 39

(retains, stores and purifies water)

Answer 39

water

Question 40

topsoil, aggregates for construction, peat, etc.)

Answer 40

raw earth materials

Question 41

(support for human habitations and related infrastructure

Answer 41

surface stability

Question 42

(habitat for soil organisms, birds, etc.)

Answer 42

refugia

Question 43

(source of biological materials)

Answer 43

Pharmaceutical and Genetic resources

Question 44

(filters, buffers substances, transforms contaminants in water)

Answer 44

water quality

Question 45

soil regulates

Answer 45

water quality water supply climate erosion

Question 46

(water infiltration into soil, water flow within soil, and drainage of excess water out of soil and into groundwater and surface water)

Answer 46

water supply

Question 47

(regulates CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions; stores soil organic carbon and sequesters carbon from the atmosphere and land vegetation)

Answer 47

climate

Question 48

(retains soil on the land surface)

Answer 48

erosion

Question 49

soil supports

Answer 49

Nutrient Cycling soil formation

Question 50

(soil organisms transform organic materials; releases or retains nutrients on charged surfaces)

Answer 50

nutrient cycling

Question 51

(weathers primary minerals; releases nutrients; transforms and increases organic matter; creates structures in soil aggregates and soil horizons for gas, water flow, and root growth; and creates charged surfaces for ion retention or exchange)

Answer 51

soil formation

Question 52

Soil’s Cultural Services

Answer 52

Aesthetic and spiritual heritage

Question 53

(preserves natural and cultural landscape diversity, source of pigments and dyes)

Answer 53

Aesthetic and spiritual

Question 54

(preserves archaeological records)

Answer 54

heritage

Question 55

as runoff and base-flow into and from the catchment areas like lakes

Answer 55

surface water

Question 56

in the cracks and spaces of soil, sand, and rocks underground, generally adequate and of high quality that does not require treatment for human use.

Answer 56

groundwater