Philo 2 Flashcards
Statement that appears arguments
Fallacies
Types of Fallacies
Argumentum ad Hominem (Attacking the Person)
Argumentum as Baculum (Appeal to Force)
Argumentum ad Misericordiam (Appeak to Pity)
Appeal to People/Bandwagon
Petitio Principii (Begging the Questions or circular argument)
False Cause (Post Hoc ergo Propter hoc)
Slippery Slope Fallacy
Fallacy of Equivocation
Fallacy of Composition
Homo means
Men
Hitting the person below the belt instead of focusing on the issue
Argumentum ad Hominem
(Attacking the Person)
Barculum means
Scepter or Stick
A person uses threat or force to advance an argument
Argumentum ad Baculum
(Appeal to Force)
Misecrodiam means
Pity or compassion
Using emotions such as pity or sympathy
Argumentum ad Misericordiam
(Appeal to Pity)
TV commercials are guilty of this argument and the idea is presented acceptable
Appeal to People/Bandwagon
After this ,therefore because of this
Post Hoc ergo Propter hoc
If an argument takes a Minor event turns into a major catastrophy
Slippery Slope Fallacy
Several meanings of words or phrase
Fallacy of Equivocation
Error that assuming that what is True of members of a group is true from the group as whole
Fallacy of Composition
How do you present your reasons or arguments?
Logic and Fallacies
Assuming that what is true to the whole is true for its part.
Fallacy pf Division
is a logical fallacy where the conclusion of the argument which is equivalent to the conclusion of the argument.
Petitio Principii
The phrase expresses the logical fallacy of assuming that one thing caused another merely because the first thing preceded the other.
Post hoc ergo Propter hoc
is a proposition one offers in support of a conclusion.
Premise
is a statement about the world or reality and these propositions may or may not carry truth.
Proposition
News on the internet and social media sites often relies on sensational headlines which often twist and distort the truth.
Inquire and Discover
Are statements that that provide reasons to convince the reader or listener that a claim or opinion is truthful.
Argument
Are statements that assume the claim to be true and provide reasons to support them.
Explanation
Is a judgment based on a certain facts
Conclusion
Statements that express convictions that are not easily and clearly explained by facts.
Beliefs
What is truth and why is it important?
Knowledge
Facts
Claims
These are statements which need to be examined to determine wether they are true or false.
Claims
These are statements which are observed to be real or truthful.
Facts
is the clear awareness and understanding of something
Knowledge
Comprised of stament which not only give facths but also provides conclusions or perspetives regarding certains situations.
are often influenced by bias.
Opinions
That a belief is true if it can be justified or proven through use of senses.
A belief or statement is true if it is based on facts.
Getting consensus or having people agree on common belief.
Perspective of Truth
Philia means
Love
Sophia means
Wisdom
“ Attempting to find out”
Philosopher
“those who know”
Sage
was said to be the first man to call himself a philosopher.
Pythagoras
The unexamined life is not woth living for
Socrates
Athens street-corner philosopher
is a form of cooperative argumentative dialogue between individuals.
Elenchus
An Aristocrat man with plenty of money and superb psysique.
Plato
The philosopher who would be a king
Athens street-corner philosopher
Socrates
The philosopher who would be a king
Plato
He wrote the famous ____ about utopian image of an ideal society that ideally run by philosopher
Treatise
Very well paid tutor of Alexander the Great–the highest paid philosopher in the history.
This great thinker was called “peripatetic philosopher”
Aristotle
The long walk to Golden mean
The long walk to Golden mean
Aristotle
He was called as the one of the seven sages of Greece.
He believed that the world is composed of different forms if water.
Thales of Miletus
It is made of air in the various forms
Anaximines
For him, change is a permanent aspect of human condition as he was credited with the saying, “ No man ever steps in the same river twice”.
Heraclitus
He was among the first to propose the matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms.
Democritus
He was known as the advocate of living of simple and
virtuous life. One should not only talk of virtue but should show it in words and actions.
Diogenes of Sinope
He believed that philosophy could enable man to live of life of happiness. His views gave rise to his believes that wisdom and simple living will result in a life free of
fear and pain.
Epicurus
He believed that everything exists is permamnent, indestructible, and unchanging.
Parmenides
He believed that there are four (4) basic elements connected to our existence. These
are earth, air fire, and water.
Empedocles
Summarized his view in the Latin slogan ‘esse est percipi’ which
means ‘to exist is to perceive’
George Berkeley
a Chinese Genera, military strategist, writer and a philosopher. He was credited as the author of Art of War, an influential work of military strategy that has affected eastern and western philosophy and military thinking.
Sun Tzu
An ancient philosopher and writer. He is the reputed author of the Tao te Teng, the founder of Philosophcal Taosim, and deity of the religious Taoism and Traditional Chinese Religion.
Lao Tzu
A Chinese philosopher and politician of the Spring and Autum Period. The Philosophy of Confucius, emphasize personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice
and sincerity
Confucius
(from the Greek word ‘logike’ which means word)
Logic is centered in the analysis and construction of arguments.
Logic
Logike means
Word
It is the study of reality or what is real
Metaphysics
It is the study of knowledge and what we can know
Epistemology
(ethos “custom” or “habit”) It is a study of moral virtue and evaluates human action.
Ethics
Ethos means
Custom or habit
Derives from the greek word ‘aisthetikos’ meaning ‘of sense of perception’is the science of the beautiful in its various manifestations—including the sublime, comic, tragic, pathetic, and ugly.
Aesthetic
Karl Jaspers saw the need to philosophize because of
Experience
Rene Descartes traced man’s need to philosophize to his sense of
Doubt
Plato traced man’s need to philosophize to his sense of
Wonder
How do we characterize the study of philosophy
As discipline
As an analysis of framework
As an examination of knowledge
is a distinct area of knowledge with its own goals, concerns and ways of doing things. (Branches of Philosophy)
As an discipline
- A framework is defined as a way of thinking about the world and composed of the views and beliefs of a person.
As an analysis of framework
- The central principle in philosophy is examination and questioning in areas of sciences. (Religion, Political, and history)
As an examination of knowledge
requires a person to be willing to examine one’s thought, feelings, and actions and to learn more about one’s life experiences.
Reflection
