DRR AND PR Flashcards by Aimee Angellee Densing

has a deeper meaning compared to “inquiry”. It is a systematic examination of a certain event or phenomenon.

INVESTIGATION

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is systematic and objective creation of knowledge systematic (with a system or method, the scientific method), objective (no bias, all angles presented), knowledge creation (a creative process)

RESEARCH

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empowers us with knowledge and discovers new things and issues in life. It helps us solve problems in health, crimes, business, technology and environment

RESEARCH

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directs us to inquire about the right information by conducting further investigation of the actual condition. It leads us to be cautious in giving results and findings by proving lies and supporting the truth.

RESEARCH

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Facilitates learning as an opportunity to share valuable information to others as a way of recognizing various concerns for public awareness.

RESEARCH

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PURPOSE OF RESEARCH

TO INFORM ACTION
TO PROVE OR GENERATE A THEORY
TO AUGMENT KNOWLEDGE IN A FIELD OR STUDY

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IS A PROCESS WEREBY A RESEARCH IMMERSES HIMSELF IN THE DATA GATHERING ACTIVITIES

IMMERSION

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COMBINING THE IDEA THE CONCEPT OF RESEARCH COMES IN

INQUIRY
INVESTIGATION
IMMERSION

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IS A TERM THAT IS SYNONYMOUS WITH THE WORD INVESTIGATION YOU TEND TO ASK QUESTIONS

INQUIRY

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A SEEKING OF TRUTH
INFORMATION AMD DATA IS PURSUED THROUGH QUESTIONING
GATHERING BY APPLYING THE DIFFERENT HUMAN SENSES
INDIVIDUALS CARRY ON THE PROCESS OF INQUIRY FROM BIRTH TO DEATH

NATURE OF INQUIRY

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RISK FACTORS

EXPOSURE
HAZARD
VULNERALBILITY

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ELEMENTS AT RISK FROMA NATURAL/MAN MADE

EXPOSURE

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A POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS PHYSICAL OCCURANCE, PHENOMENA, HUMAN ACTIVITY

HAZARD

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CONDITION DETERMINED BY PHYSICAL, SOCIAL, ECONOMICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

VULNERALBILITY

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THINGS TO CONSIDER RISK FACTORS ARE INVOLVE

SEVERITY OF EXPOSURE
GENDER AND FAMILY
AGE
ECONOMIC STATUES of Country

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AGE

40-60 YEARS OLD EXPERIENCES MORE STRESS

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WHICH MEASURES THOSE WHO EXPERIENCE DISASTER WHICH HAS HIGHEST RISK

SEVERITY OF EXPOSURE

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ALTERATION OF WORLDS CLIMATE
IT CAN INCREASE DISASTER AFFECTING VULNERALBILITY TO HAZARD

CLIMATE CHANGE

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A new wave of urbanization
is unfolding in hazard-exposed countries and with it, new opportunities for resilient
investment emerge. People, poverty, and disaster risk are increasingly concentrated
in cities

Poorly Planned and Managed Urban Development

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Impoverished people are more likely to live in hazardexposed areas and are less able to invest in risk-reducing measures. The lack of
access to insurance and social protection means that people in poverty are often
forced to use their already limited assets to buffer disaster losses, which drives them
into further poverty.

Poverty and Inequality

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It results in an increased polarization
between the rich and poor on a global scale.

Globalized Economic Development

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changes to the environment can influence the
frequency and intensity of hazards, as well as our exposure and vulnerability to these
hazards.

Environmental Degradation

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the female gender suffers more adverse effects. This
worsens when children are present at home. Marital relationships are placed
under strain.

Gender and Family

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adults in the age range of 40-60 are more stressed after disasters but
in general, children exhibit more stress after disasters than adults do.

Age

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evidence indicates that severe mental problems resulting from disasters are more prevalent in developing countries like the Philippines.

Economic Status of Country

weak governance zones are investment environments in which public sector actors are unable or unwilling to assume their roles and responsibilities in protecting rights, providing basic services and public services.

Weak Governance

Factors which underlie disasters

Climate Change Environmental Degradation Globalized Economic Development Poverty and Inequality Poorly Planned and Managed Urban Development Weak Governance

Product of possible damage caused by hazard due to vulnerability

Disaster risk

is a harmful condition, substance, human behavior or condition that can cause loss of life, injury or other health effects, harm to property, loss of livelihood and services, social and economic disruption or damage to the environment. Any risk which is imminent is threat.

Hazard

is the presence of elements at risk or chance of being harmed from a natural or man-made hazard event.

Exposure

means the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system, or asset, that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard and inability of a community to prevent, mitigate, prepare for and respond to hazardous events.

Vulnerability

implies the probability of possible adverse effects.

Risk

is a serious disruption to the functioning of a community or society which causes widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses that exceed the capacity of the community or society concerned to cope with the use of their own resources.

Disaster

Disasters can be divided into 2 large categories

Natural Disasters Man-made Disasters

a natural phenomenon is caused by natural forces, such as earthquakes, typhoon, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, fires, tornados, and extreme temperatures.

Natural Disasters

Disasters caused by man are those in which major direct causes are identifiable intentional or non-intentional human actions.

Man-made Disasters

Subdivided into three categories:

Technological/Industrial Disaster Terrorism/ Violence Complex humanitarian emergencies

the term complex emergency is usually used to describe the humanitarian emergency resulting from an international or civil war. In such situations, large numbers of people are displaced from their homes due to the lack of personal safety and the disruption of basic infrastructure including food distribution, water, electricity, and sanitation, or communities are left stranded and isolated in their own homes unable to access assistance

Complex humanitarian emergencies

the threat of terrorism has also increased due to the spread of technologies involving nuclear, biological, and chemical agents used to develop weapons of mass destruction.

Terrorism/Violence

Unregulated industrialization and inadequate safety standards increase the risk for industrial disasters.

Industrial/Technological Disaster

Risk Factors

Exposure Vulnerability Hazard

The Human Effect of Natural and Man-Made Disasters

Displaced Population Health risk Food scarcity Emotional Aftershock

Natural disasters can be particularly traumatic for young children.

Emotional Aftershock

The aftermath of natural disasters affects the food supplies.

Food Scarcity

Aside from the obvious immediate danger that natural disasters present, the secondary effect can be just as damaging.

Health Risk

One of the most immediate effects of natural disasters is

Population Displacement

The Different Perspectives of Disaster

Physical Perspective Psychological Perspective Socio-cultural Perspective Political Perspective Biological Perspective

Victims of disasters may suffer from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and other serious mental health conditions, which are not being given much attention to by the authorities or even by the victims, themselves

Psychological Perspective

Filipinos are generally known as "matusin", resourceful, helpful, optimistic, and prayerful. These characteristics are manifested in the country's recent fight against COVID19.Due to the National Health Emergency, Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ) prevailed in the whole country

Socio-cultural Perspective

Disasters affect the economic condition of a community because they reduce local and international trade

Economic Perspective

Natural disasters are commonly thought to be less politically argumentative than armed conflicts, yet a closer look shows that both the effects of a natural disaster and the resulting distribution of humanitarian aid are profoundly linked to politics.

Political Perspective

The disturbing effects caused by a prevalent kind of disease or virus in an epidemic or pandemic level is known as

Biological Perspective

Calamities are phenomena that cause great physical damage in a community infrastructure, its people and their properties, e.g. houses and environmental sources of living. These cited effects of a disaster can be easily measured and the most common.

Physical Perspective

Vulnerability is a state of being at risk.

Vulnerability Defined

Vulnerabilities of different elements are determined due to its exposure to particular and specific hazard.

Physical Vulnerability Social Vulnerability Economic Vulnerability Environmental Vulnerability Socioeconomic Vulnerability

is caused by natural resources depletion and destruction.

Environmental Vulnerability

happens due to inability of people, organization, and societies to prevent severe effects from hazards because of the expected behavior in social interactions, institutions, and system of cultural values.

Social Vulnerability

Social and economic vulnerability can be combined also known as

Socioeconomic Vulnerability

is based on the economic status of individuals, communities, and nations.

Economic Vulnerability

includes population density levels, place of a settlement, the site design, and materials used for infrastructure and housing.

Physical Vulnerability

measures are those that eliminate or reduce the impacts and risks of hazards by means of proactive measures taken before an emergency or disaster takes place

Disaster mitigation

Hazards can be categorized in different types

Natural Hazards Quasi-natural hazards Technological (man-made) hazards

These arise directly as a result of human activities. e.g. accidental release of chemicals, toxic and pesticides to floral and fauna

Technological (man-made) hazards

arise through the interaction of natural processes and human activities e.g. pollution or desertification, smog and fog

Quasi-natural hazards

arise from natural processes in the environment. e.g. earthquakes, tsunami, landslides, volcanic eruptions and floods

Natural hazards

we will focus on six (6) more specific types of hazard impacts.

Physical impact Psychological impact Economic impact Environmental impact Biological impact

Displacement of population - Loss of cultural identity Forced of adoption of new sets of culture Ethnic conflicts

Socio-cultural impact

Grief and psychological illness Marital conflict Depression due to loss of loved ones and properties Chronic anxiety

Psychological impact

Physical injuries (bone fracture, wounds, bruises) Destruction and loss of vital infrastructure like transportation system, roads, bridges, power lines and communication lines. Wide spread destruction of housing and buildings

Physical impact

Epidemic to people, flora and fauna -Chronic and permanent illness caused by biological agents Proliferation of different viral diseases

Biological impact

Loss of forest due to forest fires - Loss of fresh water due to salination - Disturbance of biodiversity Loss of natural rivers

Environmental impact

Loss of job due to displacement Loss of harvest and livestock Loss of farms, fish cages and other source of food Loss of money and other valuables

Economic impact

is a way to determine which hazards and risks should prioritized by taking into consideration the probability and severity of impact

Risk Assessment

is the process of determining all physical and nonphysical agents in the workplace or specific environment.

Hazard Identification