DRR AND PR Flashcards
has a deeper meaning compared to “inquiry”. It is a systematic examination of a certain event or phenomenon.
INVESTIGATION
is systematic and objective creation of knowledge systematic (with a system or method, the scientific method), objective (no bias, all angles presented), knowledge creation (a creative process)
RESEARCH
empowers us with knowledge and discovers new things and issues in life. It helps us solve problems in health, crimes, business, technology and environment
RESEARCH
directs us to inquire about the right information by conducting further investigation of the actual condition. It leads us to be cautious in giving results and findings by proving lies and supporting the truth.
RESEARCH
Facilitates learning as an opportunity to share valuable information to others as a way of recognizing various concerns for public awareness.
RESEARCH
PURPOSE OF RESEARCH
TO INFORM ACTION
TO PROVE OR GENERATE A THEORY
TO AUGMENT KNOWLEDGE IN A FIELD OR STUDY
IS A PROCESS WEREBY A RESEARCH IMMERSES HIMSELF IN THE DATA GATHERING ACTIVITIES
IMMERSION
COMBINING THE IDEA THE CONCEPT OF RESEARCH COMES IN
INQUIRY
INVESTIGATION
IMMERSION
IS A TERM THAT IS SYNONYMOUS WITH THE WORD INVESTIGATION YOU TEND TO ASK QUESTIONS
INQUIRY
A SEEKING OF TRUTH
INFORMATION AMD DATA IS PURSUED THROUGH QUESTIONING
GATHERING BY APPLYING THE DIFFERENT HUMAN SENSES
INDIVIDUALS CARRY ON THE PROCESS OF INQUIRY FROM BIRTH TO DEATH
NATURE OF INQUIRY
RISK FACTORS
EXPOSURE
HAZARD
VULNERALBILITY
ELEMENTS AT RISK FROMA NATURAL/MAN MADE
EXPOSURE
A POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS PHYSICAL OCCURANCE, PHENOMENA, HUMAN ACTIVITY
HAZARD
CONDITION DETERMINED BY PHYSICAL, SOCIAL, ECONOMICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
VULNERALBILITY
THINGS TO CONSIDER RISK FACTORS ARE INVOLVE
SEVERITY OF EXPOSURE
GENDER AND FAMILY
AGE
ECONOMIC STATUES of Country
AGE
40-60 YEARS OLD EXPERIENCES MORE STRESS
WHICH MEASURES THOSE WHO EXPERIENCE DISASTER WHICH HAS HIGHEST RISK
SEVERITY OF EXPOSURE
ALTERATION OF WORLDS CLIMATE
IT CAN INCREASE DISASTER AFFECTING VULNERALBILITY TO HAZARD
CLIMATE CHANGE
A new wave of urbanization
is unfolding in hazard-exposed countries and with it, new opportunities for resilient
investment emerge. People, poverty, and disaster risk are increasingly concentrated
in cities
Poorly Planned and Managed Urban Development
Impoverished people are more likely to live in hazardexposed areas and are less able to invest in risk-reducing measures. The lack of
access to insurance and social protection means that people in poverty are often
forced to use their already limited assets to buffer disaster losses, which drives them
into further poverty.
Poverty and Inequality
It results in an increased polarization
between the rich and poor on a global scale.
Globalized Economic Development
changes to the environment can influence the
frequency and intensity of hazards, as well as our exposure and vulnerability to these
hazards.
Environmental Degradation
the female gender suffers more adverse effects. This
worsens when children are present at home. Marital relationships are placed
under strain.
Gender and Family
adults in the age range of 40-60 are more stressed after disasters but
in general, children exhibit more stress after disasters than adults do.
Age
evidence indicates that severe mental
problems resulting from disasters are more prevalent in developing countries
like the Philippines.
Economic Status of Country
weak governance zones are investment environments in
which public sector actors are unable or unwilling to assume their roles and
responsibilities in protecting rights, providing basic services and public services.
Weak Governance
Factors which underlie disasters
Climate Change
Environmental Degradation
Globalized Economic Development
Poverty and Inequality
Poorly Planned and Managed Urban Development
Weak Governance
Product of possible damage caused by hazard due to vulnerability
Disaster risk
is a harmful condition, substance, human behavior or condition that can cause loss of life, injury or other health effects, harm to property, loss of livelihood and services, social and economic disruption or damage to the environment. Any risk which is imminent is threat.
Hazard
is the presence of elements at risk or chance of being harmed from a natural or man-made hazard event.
Exposure
means the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system, or asset, that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard and inability of a community to prevent, mitigate, prepare for and
respond to hazardous events.
Vulnerability
implies the probability of possible adverse effects.
Risk
is a serious disruption to the functioning of a community or society which causes widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses that exceed the capacity of the community or society concerned to cope with the use of their own resources.
Disaster
Disasters can be divided into 2 large categories
Natural Disasters
Man-made Disasters
a natural phenomenon is caused by natural forces, such as earthquakes, typhoon, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, fires, tornados, and extreme temperatures.
Natural Disasters
Disasters caused by man are those in which major direct causes are identifiable intentional or non-intentional human actions.
Man-made Disasters
Subdivided into three categories:
Technological/Industrial Disaster
Terrorism/ Violence
Complex humanitarian emergencies
the term complex emergency is usually used to describe the humanitarian emergency resulting from an international or civil war. In such situations, large numbers of people are displaced from their homes due to the lack of personal safety and the disruption of basic infrastructure including food distribution, water, electricity, and sanitation, or communities are left stranded and isolated in their own homes unable to access assistance
Complex humanitarian emergencies
the threat of terrorism has also increased due to
the spread of technologies involving nuclear, biological, and chemical agents used to develop weapons of mass destruction.
Terrorism/Violence
Unregulated industrialization and inadequate safety standards increase the risk for industrial disasters.
Industrial/Technological Disaster
Risk Factors
Exposure
Vulnerability
Hazard
The Human Effect of Natural and Man-Made Disasters
Displaced Population
Health risk
Food scarcity
Emotional Aftershock
Natural disasters can be particularly traumatic for young children.
Emotional Aftershock
The aftermath of natural disasters affects the food supplies.
Food Scarcity
Aside from the obvious immediate danger that natural disasters present, the secondary effect can be just as damaging.
Health Risk
One of the most immediate effects of natural disasters is
Population Displacement
The Different Perspectives of Disaster
Physical Perspective
Psychological Perspective
Socio-cultural Perspective
Political Perspective
Biological Perspective
Victims of disasters may suffer from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and other serious mental health conditions, which are not being given much attention to by the authorities or even by the victims, themselves
Psychological Perspective
Filipinos are generally known as “matusin”, resourceful, helpful, optimistic, and prayerful. These characteristics are manifested in the country’s recent fight against COVID19.Due to the National Health Emergency, Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ) prevailed in the whole country
Socio-cultural Perspective
Disasters affect the economic condition of a community because they reduce local and international trade
Economic Perspective
Natural disasters are commonly thought to be less politically argumentative than armed conflicts, yet a closer look shows that both the effects of a natural disaster and the resulting distribution of humanitarian aid are profoundly linked to politics.
Political Perspective
The disturbing effects caused by a prevalent kind of disease or virus in an epidemic or pandemic level is known as
Biological Perspective
Calamities are phenomena that cause great physical damage in a
community infrastructure, its people and their properties, e.g. houses and environmental sources of living. These cited effects of a disaster can be easily measured and the most common.
Physical Perspective
Vulnerability is a state of being at risk.
Vulnerability Defined
Vulnerabilities of different elements are determined due to its exposure to particular and specific hazard.
Physical Vulnerability
Social Vulnerability
Economic Vulnerability
Environmental Vulnerability
Socioeconomic Vulnerability
is caused by natural resources
depletion and destruction.
Environmental Vulnerability
happens due to inability of people, organization, and societies to prevent severe effects from hazards because of the expected behavior in social interactions, institutions, and system of cultural values.
Social Vulnerability
Social and economic vulnerability can be combined also known as
Socioeconomic Vulnerability
is based on the economic status of individuals, communities, and nations.
Economic Vulnerability
includes population density levels, place of a settlement, the site design, and materials used for infrastructure and housing.
Physical Vulnerability
measures are those that eliminate or reduce the impacts and risks of hazards by means of proactive measures taken before an emergency or disaster takes place
Disaster mitigation
Hazards can be categorized in different types
Natural Hazards
Quasi-natural hazards
Technological (man-made) hazards
These arise directly as a result of
human activities. e.g. accidental release of chemicals, toxic and pesticides to floral and fauna
Technological (man-made) hazards
arise through the interaction of natural processes and human activities e.g. pollution or desertification, smog and fog
Quasi-natural hazards
arise from natural processes in the environment.
e.g. earthquakes, tsunami, landslides, volcanic eruptions and floods
Natural hazards
we will focus on six (6) more specific types of hazard impacts.
Physical impact
Psychological impact
Economic impact
Environmental impact
Biological impact
Displacement of population
- Loss of cultural identity
Forced of adoption of new sets of culture Ethnic conflicts
Socio-cultural impact
Grief and psychological illness
Marital conflict
Depression due to loss of loved ones and properties
Chronic anxiety
Psychological impact
Physical injuries (bone fracture, wounds, bruises)
Destruction and loss of vital infrastructure like transportation
system, roads, bridges, power lines and communication lines.
Wide spread destruction of housing and buildings
Physical impact
Epidemic to people, flora and fauna
-Chronic and permanent illness caused by biological agents Proliferation of different viral diseases
Biological impact
Loss of forest due to forest fires
- Loss of fresh water due to salination
- Disturbance of biodiversity Loss of natural rivers
Environmental impact
Loss of job due to displacement
Loss of harvest and livestock
Loss of farms, fish cages and other source of food
Loss of money and other valuables
Economic impact
is a way to determine which hazards and risks should
prioritized by taking into consideration the probability and severity of impact
Risk Assessment
is the process of determining all physical and nonphysical agents in the workplace or specific environment.
Hazard Identification
