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Y2C1 mümtaz > water and milk > Flashcards

water and milk Flashcards

Y2C1 1 question will be asked

1
Q

As the pH falls charge on____falls and it precipitates

A

casein

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2
Q

casein also found in____proteins

A

whey

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3
Q

whey protein forms a complex with_____when milk is heated

A

K-casein

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4
Q

denaturation of______causes cooked flabour of heated milk

A

B-lactoglobulin

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5
Q

yeasts,molds and a broad spectrum of bacteria can grow in milk, particularly tempuratures over____

A

16 celsius

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6
Q

once microorganisms get into milk what happens their number ?

A

increase rapidly

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7
Q

which one is easier exclude microorganims or controlling microbial growth for milk ?

A

1st option

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8
Q

brucella bacteria is____in milk

A

pathogenic

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9
Q

staphylococcus aureus bacteria is_____in milk

A

pathogenic

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10
Q

pathogenic bacterias in milk?

A

streptococcus
brucella
staphylococcus aureus
S. agalactiae
mycobacterium tuberculosis

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11
Q

initial bacterial count of milk may range from less than_____cells/ml to___

A

1000 to 106

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12
Q

In pasteurization, milk is heated to a tempurature which ?

A

sufficient to kill bacteria but its below boiling point

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13
Q

pasteurization has effects on_____value of milk

A

nutritive

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14
Q

In pasteurization major nutrients are not____

A

altered

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15
Q

In pasteurization, there is some loss of _____vitamins

A

c and b group vitamins

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16
Q

In milk, antebiotics are used to treat ?

A

mastitis Infections

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17
Q

milk containing antibiotic resiudes is not suitable for_____consumption

A

human

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18
Q

most important bacteria in fecal contamination of milk

A

salmonella

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19
Q

masitits of cow caused by 4 important bacterias which are

A

staphylococcus areus
GBS
E.cou
GCS

20
Q

what are the mictobiological control tests for milk ?

A

methylene blue reduction and phosphate tests
standard plate count
coliform plate count

21
Q

colony count test used for___milk
count must be smaller than___cells/ml at 30 celsius

A

UHT
100

22
Q

salmonella typhi, shigella species are_____bacterias

A

opportunistic

23
Q

animal originated ınfections in milk ?

A

brucella species
bovine tuberculosis
campylobacter species

24
Q

human originated pathogenes ?

A

salmonella typhi
streptococcus pyogenes
corynebacterium diphtheriae

25
Q

less common pathogenes in milk

A

listeria monocytogenes
mycotoxins(alfatoxin)
yersinia enterocolitica
corynebacterium ulcerans

26
Q

mycotoxins occurs when water are contamined with

A

molds which can be contaminated from animal feed, silage

27
Q

natural water bacterias ?

A

micrococcus
serratia
acinetobacter
flavobacterium

28
Q

soil bacterias ?

A

B. subtilis
E. aerogenes
E. cloacae
aspergillus(mold)

29
Q

sewage bacterias?

A

salmonella typhi vibrio cholera
shigella
E. coli
enterobacter faecalis
C. perfrigens

30
Q

Important bacterial gastrointestinal diseases transmitted through water are

A

cholera salmonellosis and shigellosis

31
Q

presence of pathogenic bacteria in water is____&____

A

sporadic and erratic

32
Q

microbiological tests for water?

A

coliform count tests
examination of human fecal enterococci

33
Q

conciliation of 2 needs was met by discovery and testing of______bacteria

A

Indicator bacteria

34
Q

aeromicrobiology is study of_____

A

microorganisms and toxins found in air

35
Q

particles suspended in air called____

A

aerosols

36
Q

airborne biological materials are known as

A

bioaerosols

37
Q

bioaerosols are slightly bigger than ?

A

viruses

38
Q

atmosphere is an inhospitable for microorganisms mainly because of____stress

A

desiccation stress

39
Q

desiccation stres results in limited time phase in which microbes can remain___

A

biologically active

40
Q

Many microorganisms have specific mechnanisms that allow them to be resistant to_________

A

various environmental factors

41
Q

______,_______,_______,_______All have specific mechanisms that protect them from harsh gaseous environments, increasing their ability to survive aerosolization

A

spore-forming bacteria,molds, fungi and cyst-forming protozoa

42
Q

Survival in aerosols for organisms that have no_______can be ofthen measured in seconds

A

specific mechanisms

43
Q

Organisms with no specific mechanisms can survive______

A

Indefinitely

44
Q

Factors affecting microbial viability ?

A

humidity
temperature
radiation
oxygen,open air factors(OAFs)and ions
pressure

45
Q

Impo viruses for air ?

A

ınfluenza virus A(H1N1)
avian influenza
rubella
SARS and SARS-CoV-2
rhinovirus
varicella zoster

46
Q

Impo bacteria for air ?

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis
bacilius anthrocis
streptococcus pneumonior

47
Q

Impo fungus for air

A

aspergillus
penicillium
cladosporium
stachybotrys
fusarium
cryptostroma
biostomyces dermatitidis

Y2C1 mümtaz (6 decks)

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