blood & tissue protozoa

Question 1

malaria caused by_____

which is a plasmodium ssp.

Answer 1

protozoan

Question 2

Human malaria transmitted via______mosquito

this mosquito has over 60 species

Answer 2

Anopheles

Question 3

Female anopheles mosquito is____host

Answer 3

definitive

Question 4

_____pattern occcurs in area over a period of several years

Answer 4

endemic

Question 5

** periodic or occasional sharp rises occur in its incidence

Answer 5

epidemic

Question 6

life cycle of plasmodium vivax

1st step is injection of____by mosquito during blood meal

transportation and repliacton occurs on human

Answer 6

sporozoites

plasmodium vivax’s 1st form

Question 7

life cycle of plasmodium vivax

2nd step
sporozoites infects____cells

Answer 7

liver

Question 8

life cycle of plasmodium vivax

after sporozoites infects liver cells new formation occurs called ?

3rd step

Answer 8

schizont

1st appearence in cycle

Question 9

life cycle of plasmodium vivax

ruptured schiozont merozoites liberated and invade ?

4th step

Answer 9

RBC

Question 10

life cycle of plasmodium vivax

after invasion of schiozont merozoites early____forms

Answer 10

trophozoite

Question 11

maturation of trophozoite & schizont formation occurs at ?

trophosite matures and forms schizonts

Answer 11

RBC

Question 12

life cycle of plasmodium vivax

how mosquito gets infected ?

Answer 12

ingests gametocytes via blood meal

gametocytes forms spozoites after undergoing meiosis inside of mosquito

Question 13

clinical features of malaria

no symptoms during**stage

incubation period 1-6 weeks

Answer 13

liver

Question 14

cliniacl features of malaria

characterized by acute___attacks

also known as malarial paroxysms

Answer 14

febrile

periodic episodes of fever alternating with sypmtom-free periods

Question 15

clinical features of malaria

symptoms of malaria ?

7 exists

Answer 15

malaise
fatigue
fever
myalgia
arthralgia
dry cough
anorexia

fever can be up to 40.6 celsius

Question 16

malarial paroxysm

prodrome 2-3 days before
* can mistake for_____or______infection
* slight_____may worsen just prior to pasoxysm

Answer 16

influenza and gastrointestinal infection
slight fever

Question 17

malarial paroxysm

symptoms that seen in prodrome ?

6 exists

Answer 17

malaise
fever
fatigue
muscle pains
nausea
anorexia

Question 18

malarial paroxysm

how long paroxysm lasts in hours ?

Answer 18

8-12 hours

starts between midnignt and midday

Question 19

malarial paroxysm

____stage characterized by rigors

starts in paroxysm stage

Answer 19

cold stage

Question 20

malarial paroxysm

____stage max temp can reach 40-41 celsius spelnomegaly easily palpable

palpable=visible
spelnomegaly=enlarged spleen

Answer 20

hot stage

Question 21

malarial paroxysm

sweating stage occurs at_____

Answer 21

hot stage

Question 22

diagnosis of malaria

thick microscopic films used for ?

Answer 22

presence/absence of malaria

Question 23

diagnosis of malaria

thin microscopic films used for ?

Answer 23

morphology/species

Question 24

malaria microscopy

which type malaria is this

Answer 24

P. falciparum

Question 25

# malaria microscopy which type malaria is this

Answer 25

p.vivax

Question 26

# malaria microscopy which type malaria is this

Answer 26

p. malariae

Question 27

# malaria microscopy which type malaria is this

Answer 27

P. ovale

Question 28

# Malaria in pregnancy malaria has high risks both maternal & perinatal____and____

Answer 28

morbidity & mortality

Question 29

# malaria in pregnancy severe malaria should be treated aggressively with________therapy

Answer 29

antimalarial

Question 30

# babesiosis babesiosis are______parasites

Answer 30

intraerythrocytic sporozoan

Question 31

# babesiosis morphologically resemble_____

Answer 31

plasmodium

Question 32

# babesiosis cause________like ilness in animals

Answer 32

tick borne like

Question 33

# babesiosis _______infections in humans(intermediate host)

Answer 33

opportunistic

Question 34

# babesiosis definitive host is______

Answer 34

Ixodid ticks

Question 35

# babesiosis 3 impo species exists which are

Answer 35

B. microti(rodents) B. clivergens(cattles) B. bovis(cattles)

Question 36

# life cycle of babesiosis parasites trophozoites merozoite formation occurs in which animal(s) ? ## Footnote check babesiosis life cycle pic if ur blue

Answer 36

mouse

Question 37

# life cycle of babesiosis parasites sexual formation of sporozoites known as sporogony occurs at which animal ?

Answer 37

tick

Question 38

# Babesiosis how long is incubation period for babesiosis ?

Answer 38

1-4 weeks following tick bite 1-9 weeks after contaminated blood transfusion

Question 39

# Babesiosis:clinical features there is no______like paroxysm babesia infection can range from_____to_______ mild____&____ ______anemia ______ ______

Answer 39

malaria-like mild chills and fever hemolytic anemia jaundice hepatomegaly

Question 40

# babesiosis:risk factors _____and impaired______function advanced age

Answer 40

asplenia impaired immune function

Question 41

# babesiosis no of parasites per RBC ?

Answer 41

1-12 | 1-3 for malaria

Question 42

# Babesiosis:laboratory diagnosis ID of intraerthrocytic babesia parasites by ?

Answer 42

peripheral blood smear examination under light microscope PCR IFA testing total Ig

Question 43

# Toxoplasmosis etiologic agent____is most populations are____ threat to______&_____ Infected women can pass______to fetus via bloodstream domestic____and felines are main reservoirs

Answer 43

T. gondii seropositive immunosuppressed and unborn women cats

Question 44

# toxoplasmosis:Transmission Ingestion of______& toxoplasma____ ____from fecally contaminated hands or food _____transplantation or____transfusion ________transmission accidental inoculation of ______

Answer 44

uncooked meat & toxoplasma cyst oocyst organ transplantation or blood transfusion transplacental transmission tachyzoites

Question 45

# toxoplasmosis:symptoms ___is mostly fatal

Answer 45

prenatal

Question 46

# babesiosis:preventation and treatment people w/ healthy immune systems no____needed risk groups should avoid___&___contact | cogenital toxoplasmosis oral pyrimethamine w/ folinic acid ## Footnote Immunocompromised patients trimethoprim-sulfmethoxazole dapsone-pyrimethamine

Answer 46

treatment Cat&feces contact

Question 47

# Leishmaniasis transmitted by____flies new world:_____ old world:____ parasites replicate within____

Answer 47

sand flies lutzomyia phlebotomus macrophage | macrophage is vertebrate host's

Question 48

# leishmaniasis: cutaneous leishmaniasis:causes lesions on____(CL) mucocutaneous:skin lesions spred over____(MCL) viseral leishmaniasis:infection of________system, high____(kala-azar)

Answer 48

skin mucosa reticuloendothelial mortality

Question 49

# leishmaniasis:life cycle which ones are the diagnostic stages ?

Answer 49

3,4

Question 50

# leishmaniasis:life cycle promastigotes phagocytized by macrophages and transform into____ | DİAGNOSTİC STAGE!!!

Answer 50

amastigotes

Question 51

# leishmaniasis:life cycle after amastigotes formed they multiply in cells and_____ | DİAGNOSTİC STAGE!!!

Answer 51

infect other cells

Question 52

# trypanosomiasis:african domain causes_____sickness 3 species causes this vector:___flies

Answer 52

sleeping disease T. brucei rhodesiense T.brucei gambiense tse tse

Question 53

# trypanosomiasis:american domain causes___disease vector: parasite:

Answer 53

changa's disease T.cruzi reduviids-kissing bugs

Question 54

# trypanosomiasis:african domain travel or residence in___area irregular___and enlarged____ _____changes, mental symptoms

Answer 54

endemic fever & lymph node behavioral changes

Question 55

# trypanosomiasis:african domain lab diagnosis _____tests

Answer 55

serological

Question 56

# american trypanosomiasis transmission _____bugs _____transmission ______route treated with_____or______ | parasite in feces of bug

Answer 56

kissing bugs blood transmission transplesental route benznidazole or nifurtimox

Question 57

# american trypanosomiasis:acute phase mostly_____ active infection

Answer 57

asymptomatic | children most likely to be asymptomatic

Question 58

# american trypanosomiasis:Interdeterminate phase ___years of latency seropositive with no detectable______

Answer 58

10-30 parasitemia

Question 59

# american trypanosomiasis:chronic phase 10-30% of infected exhibit______and conduction defects congestive____failure _____phenomenon

Answer 59

cardiomyopathy arrhythmias congestive heart failure thromboembolic

Question 60

fill the blanks

Answer 60

T.rhodesiense T.gambiense epidemiology:sporadic, sarafis endemic some epidemics disease progression:rapid,, often fatal slow paresitemia:high low asymptomatic carriers:rare common