Water and it's Management Flashcards
Precipitation:
Moisture that reaches the land(hail, snow, rain, sleet)
Surface run-off:
Water that runs over the ground into bodies of water.
Interception:
Precipitation that does not reach the surface because of plants.
Transpiration:
Water that evaporates or diffuses from plant leaves.
Evaporation:
Water droplets that change into water vapour and go into the atmosphere because of heat.
Infiltration:
Water that soaks into the ground through soils and cracks in rocks.
Condensation:
Water vapour condensing into water droplets due to decreasing temperatures.
What is potable water?
Drinkable water.
Desalination:
Removal of salt from water using distillation.
Distillation:
Water is boiled and released as vapour, leaving salt behind.
What is reverse osmosis?
Pumping water through a fine membrane.
Types of water usage:
*domestic.
*industrial.
*agricultural.
Why do urban areas have better access to water?
*wealthy places.
*higher incomes.
*wealthy people.
*easier to put pressure on politicians/leaders.
*pipes are cheaper and easier to install.
Domestic water usage:
*washing/flushing.
*leaks.
*car washing.
*gardening.
*drinking.
Choice of site for multi-purpose dam projects:
*high precipitation.
*high position.
*low temperature.
*strong base.
*rivers/lakes nearby.
*easy access.
*away from developed areas.
Advantages of multi-purpose dams:
*flood control.
*irrigation.
*renewable generation of electricity.
*provision of water.
*tourism/jobs/income.
*inaccessible areas accessible by boat.
Disadvantages of multi-purpose dams:
*relocating people.
*flooding risk.
*disrupting water life.
*expensive.
*requires maintenance.
*reduces farmer’s jobs.
*reduces soil enrichment.
*alters downstream water supply.
Agrochemicals:
Fertilizers/herbicides/pesticides.
Managing water pollution:
*waste removal.
*improved sanitation.
*flush toilets.
*sewage treatment.
*sludge digester.
*chlorination.
*boiling.
*pollution control.
Water-bourne diseases meaning:
Diseases spread by the consuming of contaminated water/faeces.
Water-bourne diseases:
Cholera and typhoid.
Water-bred diseases meaning:
Diseases infects water-bred carriers which infects people through biting.
Water-bred diseases:
Malaria.
Malaria life-cycle:
Disease transmitted through biting of an infected mosquito that carries the Plasmodium parasite. The parasite then moves to your bloodstream.
Strategies for malaria control:
*mosquito nets.
*draining marshes/wetlands.
*antimalarial drugs.
*evacuating people.
*education.
