Rocks and Minerals and their exploitation Flashcards
How is Igneous rock formed?
Formed when liquid magma cools to form rock.
How is Sedimentary rock formed?
Made when existing rock is formed by weathering which breaks off and travels(river) until it gathers together and forms sediments.
How is Metamorphic rock formed?
Formed when existing rock undergoes extreme heat and/or pressure causing physical and/or chemical changes.
Igneous rock examples:
Granite and Basalt.
Sedimentary rock examples:
Shale, Sandstone, and Limestone.
Metamorphic rock examples:
Slate and Marble.
Prospecting:
A process of searching for minerals by examining the surface of rocks.
Geophysics:
A method to identify mineral ores by using their physical properties.
The geophysics process:
*a series of vibrations(seismic waves) are sent through the surface.
*several sensors are placed a distance away.
*the vibrations create shock waves that go into the rock layer.
*they reflect back to the sensors.
*the patterns are recorded.
What are the methods of extraction?
Surface and sub-surface mining.
Factors that affect the decision to extract:
*the cost.
*the availability.
*the geology.
*the supply and demand.
*the environmental impact.
What are the different types of pollution?
*water pollution.
*air pollution.
*visual pollution.
*noise pollution.
*land pollution.
Bioaccumulation:
When organisms absorb ions that build up in their body faster than the rate of excretion.
Biomagnification:
When concentrations increase higher up the food chain and cause death in the top consumers.
Ecological impacts of mining:
*loss of habitat/biodiversity.
*pollution.
*species endagerment/extinction.
*bioaccumulation.
*biomagnification.
