Managing Natural Hazards/the atmosphere and human activities

Question 1

Plate boundaries:

Answer 1

Where two or more plates meet.

Question 2

Constructive(divergent) plates:

Answer 2

Plates moving away from each other.

Question 3

Destructive(converging) plates:

Answer 3

Two plates moving toward each other.

Question 4

Conservative plates:

Answer 4

Plates sliding past each other.

Question 5

What is the focus of an earthquake?

Answer 5

Where the earthquake begins underground.

Question 6

Siesmometer:

Answer 6

Instrument used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake.

Question 6

What is the epicentre of an earthquake?

Answer 6

Point of the surface above the focus.

Question 7

Factors that affect the impact of an earthquake:

Answer 7

*location.
*time.
*geology.
*relief of area.
*development of human settlement.
*population density.
*building densities and strength.

Question 8

How cyclones form:

Answer 8

*between 5° and 20° north and south.
*60m deep water.
*27°C.

Question 9

Flooding caused by:

Answer 9

*heavy rainfall.
*prolonged rainfall.
*snowmelt.
*land relief.
*storm surges/tsunamis.
*saturated soil.

Question 10

Human flooding causes:

Answer 10

*deforestation.
*cultivation.
*urbanisation.
*climate change.

Question 11

Effects of El Nino:

Answer 11

*surface water in Pacific ocean along South America warms.
*altered storm patterns.
*droughts in North and South America.
*warmer worldwide climate.

Question 12

Gases in the atmosphere:

Answer 12

*nitrogen-79%
*oxygen-21%
*argon-0.934%
*carbon dioxide- 0.042%

Question 13

Managing impacts of natural:

Answer 13

*preparation/protection
*prediction.
*shelters.
*education.

Question 14

Composition of the atmosphere:

Answer 14

*water vapour.
*nitrogen.
*oxygen.
*carbon dioxide.
*argon.
*helium.

Question 15

Causes of drought:

Answer 15

*El Nino effect
*lack of precipitation.

Question 16

Preparation/protection:

Answer 16

*hazard map.
*lava diversion channels/barriers.
*building reinforcements.
*earthquake proof houses.
*shelters.
*monitoring precipitation/temperature.

Question 17

Prediction:

Answer 17

*monitor tremors.
*pattern checking.
*measurement of magnetic field.
*checking animal behaviour.
*satellite tracking.

Question 18

Temperature inversion:

Answer 18

Where temperature increase with altitude instead of decreasing.

Question 19

Greenhouse gases:

Answer 19

*carbon dioxide.
*CFCs.
*nitrogen oxides.
*methane.
*tropospheric ozone.

Question 20

What increases carbon dioxide:

Answer 20

Burning fossil fuels/deforestation.

Question 21

What increases CFCs:

Answer 21

Aerosol sprays/refrigeration/fire extinguishers/air conditioning.

Question 22

What increases methane:

Answer 22

Cattle and rice production/deforestation/decomposition of waste.

Question 23

What increases nitrogen oxides:

Answer 23

Vehicle exhausts/chemical fertilizers.

Question 24

What increase tropospheric ozone:

Answer 24

Unburnt fuel vapours/chemical reactions involving nitrogen oxides.

Question 25

Impact of climate change:

Answer 25

*melting ice.
*sea-level rise.
*forced migration.
*flooding.
*drought.
*loss of habitat/biodiversity.

Question 26

Carbon footprint:

Answer 26

A measure of our impact on the environment.

Question 26

Carbon capture/storage:

Answer 26

carbon dioxide waste transported through pipes to storage.

Question 27

Managing atmospheric pollution:

Answer 27

*transport policies.
*international agreements.
*carbon capture/storage.
*CFC replacement.
*taxation.
*reforestation/afforestation.
*reduced use of fossil fuels.

Question 28

Smog impact:

Answer 28

*eye/throat irritation.
*respiratory disease(asthma)
*lung cancer.
*stroke/heart attacks from fine particles.
*breathing difficulties.

Question 29

Acid rain impact:

Answer 29

*making undrinkable water.
*stomach pain/diarrhoea.
*acidification of groundwater.
*crop damage.
*nutrients(calcium) leached out of the soil.
*fish die.
*buildings weathered.
*tree root damage.

Question 30

Ozone depletion impact:

Answer 30

*sun burn/cancer.
*retina damage/cancer.
*radiation limits phytoplankton reproduction.
*food web affected.
*biochemical composition.

Question 31

Transportation policies:

Answer 31

*creation of cycle lanes/metro-systems/trams/bus lanes.
*electric cars encouraged.
*biofuels.
*vehicle bans.
*public transport made free.

Question 32

How acid rain is formed:

Answer 32

Burning fossil fuels produce sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen react with water in the atmosphere.